American Women and the American Revolution

Case #5 AP Courses - Essay Example The size of checking is very basic. Every test would be set apart out of 5 with 3 being the most minimal to slither into certain colleges and a score of 4 or 5 being satisfactory to the larger part. With me being the pioneer and school advocate, and the one to represent the deciding moment their 'fantasies', the entire obligation lays on my shoulders. To begin, the main inquiry which would fly into my head would be: 'precisely what amount did these understudies score' Since the most well-known score of acknowledgment is 4 out of 5, it's an important inquiry to know how that by the amount they are falling behind. It is additionally the explanation that I will expect here that my organization acknowledges a 4 out of 5 score for passing. Presently, the most significant truth to mull over is this; these understudies have reliably been on the respect move all through their scholarly vocations. This demonstrates they are persevering and committed understudies sharp after learning. This additionally presents the defense tilt towards their side of the contention since I ought not settle on a choice which will appear to be out of line to them, in which case there may be not kidding outcomes like they may get profoundly de-inspired and quit concentrating out and out.

Transferability of outdoor management development (omd) programmes in Dissertation

Transferability of open air the executives advancement (omd) programs in associations - Dissertation Example eview 15 Introduction 15 Definition of Outdoor Management Development 17 The Framework 18 Outdoor Activities 23 Skills Areas 24 Structure of OMD Programs 26 Critical Evaluation of OMD Philosophy 27 Usefulness of Outdoor Management Development Activities 29 Gap in Research 34 Summary 35 Research Methodology 37 Introduction 37 Research Philosophies 38 Research Approaches 40 Data Collection Methods 41 Data Analysis Strategy 42 Validity and Reliability 44 Research Ethics 44 Research Limitations 45 Summary 47 Discussion and Analysis 48 Outdoor Activities and Participants 48 Data Collection 48 Steps Involved in the Activities 49 Review Process 49 Results 51 Discussion and Analysis of Results 52 Comments on Leadership Theory and Team-Working 53 Intra-Personal Attitudes 55 Orientation towards Team-Working and Teams 58 Effects on Workplace: Skills Transfer from Outdoor Activities to Workplace Environment 60 Conclusion and Recommendations 67 References 72 Appendix 77 Introduction Outdoor Manag ement Development (OMD) is contained three segments: outside condition, experiential learning and work environment conduct changes. The outside condition can be an assortment of zones wherein OMD projects can be led. The open air condition can be given by the forested areas, mountains, ocean water, etc. The central capacity of open air condition is to encourage outside exercises in an unbiased situation as it meets first condition to do OMD program. There are various open air exercises that are done with various goals, for example, mental wellbeing, passionate force, abilities improvement, etc. The open air exercises incorporate self-awareness, initiative, group improvement, stress the executives, correspondence, vulnerability the board and issue... For these goals, first reasonable structures and various components of open air the board improvement were examined in the writing audit. The meaning of OMD, aptitudes, open air exercises, the structure and basic assessment of OMD were directed in the writing audit part. In the conversation and investigation part, the handy research featured the various advances and results of the open air exercises. The key discoveries uncovered that in the whole program, 47 percent of members detailed positive changes in the work environment conduct. In the miniaturized scale dynamic assignments, 23 percent of members uncovered positive change occurred in the work environment conduct. Nonetheless, 52 percent of members in the large scale dynamic undertakings announced impartial changes in the work environment practices. Open air Management Development (OMD) is contained three segments: outside condition, experiential learning and work environment conduct changes. The open air condition can be an assortment of zones wherein OMD projects can be led. The open air condition can be given by the forested areas, mountains, ocean water, etc. The basic capacity of open air condition is to encourage outside exercises in a nonpartisan domain as it meets first condition to complete OMD program. There are various outside exercises that are done with various goals, for example, mental wellbeing, enthusiastic force, abilities advancement, etc. The open air exercises incorporate self-awareness, initiative, group advancement, stress the board, correspondence, vulnerability the executives and critical thinking.

Essay Writing Tutorial

Essay Writing TutorialEssay writing can be difficult and requires a lot of thought. However, essay writing is not necessarily a science. It is merely a way to present an idea or information to the reader in such a way that it is understandable and appealing. An essay writing tutorial will help students who are just starting to write an essay.A student should always start with writing a research paper before writing a thesis, but once the idea has been established, the task of essay writing becomes easier. Essay writing can be time consuming and require a lot of energy. If you want to make sure your writing is crisp and appealing, then you need to practice writing every day.There are various types of essay writing. There are essay style essays which provide information about different topics. These essays are similar to college level assignments. Theses should address a specific topic and should not be long, because these types of essays are hard to read.Essays are divided into two di fferent categories. The first type is the review essay and the second type is the research essay. The latter type is not required for a college level or a high school level assignment. In these essays, the purpose is to explain the topic to the reader.Essays are submitted to college or university organizations. The majority of writing instructors prefer that their students submit work that is formal and well written. Essays can be made up of as many as 20 different paragraphs. Most professors expect students to use proper grammar and punctuation. Essays are expected to contain facts and they are not allowed to abuse the rules.A high school or college level writing assignment can be one of the most fun parts of a student's life. Essays help people express themselves and also help people learn more about subjects. Some people enjoy writing essays in order to solve some problems or to express themselves.One of the reasons why people choose to write essays is because they are looking fo r a career change. In this case, you can opt to do research and write your own essay on the topic of your choice. It is a good way to take advantage of your education and boost your career prospects.Essay writing is not difficult, but it is important that you follow proper grammatical and punctuation. Besides writing an essay, a student can also make up their own thesis. You should spend the necessary time on writing a thesis and completing it.

Essay on Nestle Crunch Marketing Plan - 1086 Words

Nestle Crunch Marketing Plan Sweethelda MK 715- Marketing Management Brenau University Instructor: Dr. North June 10, 2014 Executive Summary This marketing plan was created for Nestle Crunch to position itself in the next year to deliver at least $13 million in profit without increasing the budget by over $2 million. An analysis of the chocolate confectionery market will be analyzed to develop marketing strategies to implement to satisfy these objectives. situation analyses Market Size Crunch is produced by the largest food and beverage company, which is Nestle. Retail sales of chocolate confectionery comprised of $33.8 billion in retail sales, which $16.9 billion were in chocolate sales. Market Trends The growth rate†¦show more content†¦strategy development Financial Projections Strategy and Execution Minus 1 event of free standing insert (FSI) coupon good on one regular size Crunch bar Add I event of A regular bar bonus size (+25%) is offered during 2-week promotional period; it was not offered in 2009 Minus 1 event of a 2-week store display featuring regular size Crunch Distribution increases by 2.0 percentage points A Crunch price increase of +12.5% on all products would match Hersheys retail prices but would still be less than Mars prices; no pricing action was taken in 2009 The following table shows the impact on sales and profit when making changes in the marketing mix. According to the table, with the marketing mix selected we are able to achieve our objective of ensuring production contribution of at least $13 million, our profitability percentage change is at least over 15%, and budget does not increase by more than $2 million. advertising and Promotion Media Marketing The media vehicles for advertising that will be utilized are TV, print, and online. Since TV has the greatest reach, 70% is allocated in the budget for TV advertising and promotion; 20% for online and 10% of the budget for print marketing. The total budget for these media marketing is a little below $12.9 million We have an estimated reach of 90% for the TV advertising and marketing and 10% and 20% for print and online respectively. The pie graph belowShow MoreRelatedMarketing Audit of Nestlà © Crunch Essays2571 Words   |  11 Pages------------------------------------------------- Student Registration Number: | 130198710 | | | Word Count: | 2230 | Marketing Audit of Nestlà © Crunch Introduction: Nestlà © Crunch is a famous chocolate confectionery in the US market, and take up almost 2% market share of the total (Barton 2014). This market audit will be split  into three section, and separately analyze the business environment, marketing mix and STP (Segmentation, targeting and positioning). Finally, a conclusion will be drawn in the end of thisRead MoreSwot Analysis1856 Words   |  8 PagesTECHONLOGY MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PLAN (NESTLE KOKO KRUNCH) DRAFT I – THE INDUSTRY BONGALOS, ALEXIS S. ROJO, JOHN EMMANUEL S. EMG 111 – B1 PROF. MARVIN I. NORONA I. THE INDUSTRY A. Industry Definition: Nestlà © Koko Crunch is in the Food Processing Industry. This is where the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients such as goodness of whole grain and it provides eight essential minerals, plus iron and calcium into food to the consumption by humans. In the Koko Crunch it isRead MoreThe Creation, Development, And Future Of Nestle Toll House Cafe1470 Words   |  6 Pagesto Business 7 December 2105 The Creation, Development, and Future of Nestle Toll House Cafe Nestle Toll House Cafe is one of the most developed and successful franchises known. Henri Nestle, a German entrepreneur, began the fundamentals of Nestle Toll House Cafe in 1867 when he invented a nutritious product for infants that mothers who were not able to breastfeed could utilize. This nurturing product is what gave the Nestle brand the security, affection, nourishment, and nature that everyone looksRead MoreIrish Breakfast Cereal Market2666 Words   |  11 Pagesduring the day. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/dec/28/food.usnews) Cereal manufacturing is a high margin-to-cost business, gross profit margins on processed cereals are 40-45%. According to analysts JP Morgan one of the biggest costs is the marketing, which on average is 20-25% of the sales value. The market can be primarily segmented as cold and hot cereals, with 94% of the market taken by cold cereals and 6% by hot cereals. The cold cereal market covers a broad spectrum of consumer tastesRead MoreIrish Breakfast Cereal Market2679 Words   |  11 Pagesduring the day. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/dec/28/food.usnews) Cereal manufacturing is a high margin-to-cost business, gross profit margins on processed cereals are 40-45%. According to analysts JP Morgan one of the biggest costs is the marketing, which on average is 20-25% of the sales value. The market can be primarily segmented as cold and hot cereals, with 94% of the market taken by cold cereals and 6% by hot cereals. The cold cereal market covers a broad spectrum of consumer tastesRead MoreNestle Market Research3328 Words   |  14 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 2 II. ANALYSIS 3 1 Nestlà © worldwide 3 1.1. Overview of Nestlà © 3 1.2. Vision 4 1.3. Mission 4 1.4 . Objective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 1.5. Products 6 2. Environment of Nestlà © 7 2.1. Internal environment 7 2.1.1. Managers 7 2.1.2. Employees 9 2.2. External environment 10 2.2.1. Customers 10 2.2.2. Suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 2.1.3. Competitors 12 3. Inputs and Outputs 13 3.1. InputsRead MoreMarketing Plan of Nestle2665 Words   |  11 Pagesand these competitors are in reality very strong. They range from small local corner shop retailer to big giants like Pamp;G, Kraft and Nestle. These competitors almost provide equally attractive products and services and sometimes better. These competitors have the power to attract and influence the customers by more attractive substitute, prices and marketing techniques. Threat of Substitution : Continuous research and development in the consumer and household products has brought about a revolutionRead MoreMarketting Plan of Maggi Ketchup5308 Words   |  22 PagesOF THE STUDY: Nestlà © Bangladesh Limited is a leading Food company with lots of global strategic brands operating in Bangladesh. MAGGI is one of the strategic brands of Nestlà © Bangladesh Limited. Worldwide MAGGI brand is used for Nestlà ©s Soup, Noodles, Seasonings, Recipe Mixes and Sauces. In Bangladesh, MAGGI brand has two product categories under this strategic brand name: Noodles and Soups. As part of the brand extension and value creation objective of the company, Nestlà © now is going toRead MoreThe Hershey Company And Tootsie Roll Industries1795 Words   |  8 PagesGordon. Tootsie Roll is a publically owned franchise that is traded as New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Stock Symbol TR. Tootsie Roll maintained a two percent share of the $8 billion total candy market, which was dominated by such corporate giants as Nestlà © and Hershey, it has been a longtime leader in the non-chocolate and lollipop segment of the industry, enjoying a 50 percent market share. ( ) They own many trademarks in the U.S. and internationally. All of them are aggressively known brands suchRead MoreChocolate Industry8116 Words   |  33 PagesContents Titles 1. Introduction 2. Objective 3. Research Methodology 4. Chocolate Industry 5. Chocolate in a Bloom 6. Chocolate Industry in India 7. Major Players 8. Amul 9. Nestle 10. Cadbury 11. SWOT analysis of Cadbury 12. Market Segmentation 13. Psychographics and Demographics 14. Product Positioning 15. Product Market Boundary 16. Price Sensitivity 17. Consumer Buying Behaviour 14. Industry Structure and Dynamics 15. The Rural Conundrum 16. Key Success Factors 17. Product

The Link Between Corruption and Poverty Lessons from...

The Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies INTRODUCTION One thing can be said-the mere fact that corruption has become an item of national preoccupation is paradoxically the first real achievement by Kenyans over corruption Since the end of the last decade the emphasis has moved from building public awareness on corruption issues to understanding the nature of corruption and its effects on the economy, society and politics; understanding the nature of the beast as it were. The global anti-corruption movement, therefore, has moved towards research and a host of rigorous tools have been developed to study and monitor corruption wherever it takes place. Hand in hand with this, efforts to combat corruption†¦show more content†¦In studying the apparent intractability of corruption in many countries V (values) has risen to the fore along with other vital linkages that help present a more comprehensive picture of the nature of corruption in any given country. The link between poverty and corruption is one of these vital rel ationships and, as you shall find in chapter 2, corruption is an important cause of poverty because it promotes unfair distribution of income and inefficient use of resources. DEFINING CORRUPTION It is not intrinsically useful to make qualitative distinctions between corruption in various parts of the world. At the end of the day it often means the same thing: the abuse of public office for private gain. However, this can be broken up into petty corruption, grand corruption and looting. Petty corruption involves relatively minor amounts of money or gifts changing hands where one of the parties is themselves a relatively minor official in the organisation or system within which the transaction takes place. For example paying a policeman one dollar to ignore the fact that your cars licence has expired. Grand corruption most often involves businessmen and government officials of senior rank and the figures involved are significant. Examples of these are kick-backs paid to officials on government public works contracts. The third type of corruption is looting and has recently been described by some commentatorsShow MoreRelatedThe Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies INTRODUCTION One thing can be said-the mere fact that corruption has become an item of national preoccupation is paradoxically the first real achievement by Kenyans over corruption Since the end of the last decade the emphasis has moved from building public awareness on corruption issues to understanding the nature of corruption and its effects on the economy, society and politics; understanding the nature of the beast asRead More The Collapse of Somalia and Economic Considerations Essay4780 Words   |  20 Pagesvulnerability of Somalia’s undiversified economy; (3) domestic economic policy failures and â€Å"land-grabbing† by elites; (4) the failure of IMF-World bank structural adjustment programs. The combination of these events, coupled with famine, led to fighting between warlords and the collapse of state. Finally, this essay will analyze how the process of Somalia’s decline necessitated the establishment of a shadow economy that continued to prosper desp ite the absence of state. In analyzing these issues it isRead MoreStudent7526 Words   |  31 PagesIMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA PUBLIC CORPORATIONS Hazel Gachoka Gachunga1 Abstract Globalization has a major impact on the management of human resources in developing countries including Kenya. It has led to homogenization and convergence in organization strategies, structures and processes as well as in consumer choice. With accelerating globalization, organizations have had to change and new trends have set in evenRead MoreImpact of Hrm7495 Words   |  30 PagesIMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA PUBLIC CORPORATIONS Hazel Gachoka Gachunga1 Abstract Globalization has a major impact on the management of human resources in developing countries including Kenya. It has led to homogenization and convergence in organization strategies, structures and processes as well as in consumer choice. With accelerating globalization, organizations have had to change and new trends have set in evenRead MoreImpact of Foreign Aid on Poverty and Economic Development in Nigeria16050 Words   |  65 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This project focuses on the poverty profile in Nigeria, the foreign aids given to the nation to help alleviate poverty and how it affects the economic development of Nigeria. According to the World Bank website, â€Å"poverty is hunger. It is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. It is not being able to go to school, not knowing how to read, and not being able to speak properly. Poverty is not having a job, and is fear for the future, and livingRead MoreTheoretical Framework on- Non Governmental Organisations and International Non Governmental Organisations (Support Base, Funding Pattern and Relation with State)9266 Words   |  38 PagesProfessor Potter feels that the term international organization can be best used for â€Å"the aggregate of procedure and organs for expressing the unification of nations.† The present century is considered as an era of international organizations when apart from the League of Nations and the United Nations, many specialized agencies, both regional and specialized, are created. In addition scores of public international organizations, concerned with almost every conceivable aspect of international relationsRead MoreSustainable Tea at Unilever10669 Words   |  43 Pagesproducts. But more importantly, it would create a company better suited to survive in the future which Polman envisaged: tC This is a world that is challenged. When you look at the interdependent challenges that we face on food security, poverty reduction, sustainability of resources, climate change, and social, economic, environmental development, these challenges have never been greater. And I believe that these pressures will only increase as 2 billion more people enter this world and Read MoreRole of Media in Tourism9761 Words   |  40 Pagesdocuments   and   media   communication   technology   data.   The   author   argues   that   new   media   communication   technologies   are   vital  players  in  catalyzing  local,  national  and  global  tourism  business  development  and   inter†cultural   dependency   between   Africa   and   the   western   world.   Africa   is   a   potential   major   market   source   of   revenues   for   local   and   foreign   tourism   industry   products   and   services.  The  loss  of  Africa’s  market  shares  in  the  global  tourism  arena  is  attributable  to  Read MoreWater Wars4440 Words   |  18 Pagesunderstood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between p olitical communities, war is a violent way for determining who gets to say what goes on in a given territory (Orend). With this said, conflicts over water have been the source of dispute since humans began cultivating food; hence the word â€Å"rivalry† comes from the Latin word rivali, â€Å"one using the same river as another† (The World Watch Institute). The relation between water and violence has often been overlooked; until influentialRead MoreThe Impact of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth in Nigeria18675 Words   |  75 PagesAPPROACH OF THIS INAUGURAL LECTURE 6 REFLECTIONS ON THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY 8 3.0 4.0 5.0 AGRICULTURE FROM THE LOOKING GLASS OF MAN’S ECONOMIC HISTORY 16 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY FROM PARADIGMATIC VIEWPOINTS ABOUT THE STATE VIS-A-VIS MARKET 21 6.0 NIGERIAN AGRICULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MODELS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 29 7.0 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR FROM THE LOOKING GLASS OF EVOLUTION OF NIGERIA’S POLITICAL ECONOMY 38 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY: THE PARADOX INSIDE OUT 52

The Factors And Effects Of Teenage Suicide - 1912 Words

Alexis Kinson Mrs. Laframboise Contemporary fiction January 6 2015 The factors and effects of teenage suicide as the result of bullying There has been an unfortunate increase in the news about teenagers killing themselves as a result of being bullied. With the increase of social media bullying is now easier and faster to do. Even if someone doesn’t live in the same area as their bully they can still be bullied and taunted. One of the reasons why teenage suicide has gone up with the increase of social media use is because bullying is not as hard to track because someone can delete their harmful comments like they never happened. Instead of posting on a public forum like their â€Å"wall† a bully can send them a private message and later delete it when questioned about it. Since the internet is a newer invention there aren’t as many regulations on it which means people who bully others on the internet can hide away behind their computers and get away with the hateful comments they posted. It would take a long time to figure out how to deal with the hateful comments that appear. Most Social media si tes include features such as reporting a post or person, blocking, or just removing that person from your â€Å"friend† group. Because of the first amendment harsh words are seen as freedom of speech and are allowed to be said and written. However there is a bold line between freedom of speech and slander which is not protected under certain circumstances. WhenShow MoreRelatedTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn t It? If You Only Knew?1158 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn’t It? If You Only Knew †¦ According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, suicide is a noun defined as the act of taking your own life because you do not want to continue living. Teenage is a noun defined as relating to people who are between thirteen and nineteen years old (Merriam-Webster). Several factors can lead to a teenager making the decision to commit suicide. When it does happen or an attempt is made, it can be very difficult to pinpoint the reason(s). TeensRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills799 Words   |  4 Pagesor act from many perspectives. In particular, it plays a paramount role in Donna Gaines Teenage Wasteland. It is a tragic story of 4 teens who together, committed suicide. The teens were deemed as â€Å"dropouts, druggies† [Teenage Wasteland 8.2] by newspapers and were still treated with disdain even after their deaths. However, using the sociological imagination, Gaines argues that this is not simply a suicide committed by â€Å"troubled teens† but other underlying themes are present. One of the firstRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Teenage Dating1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe Negative Effects of Teenage Dating Sean D. 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Symptoms of a hangover often consist of nausea, fatigue, thirst, headache, diarrhea, and sensitivity to light and noise. The severity of a hangover depends on several factors; these factors include the amoun t of alcohol consumed, the levelRead MoreTeenage Suicide On The Rise Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage Suicide on the Rise: In 2011, James Rodemeyer, a 14 year old junior high school student from Buffalo revealed his bisexuality via the World Wide Web. The weeks following Rodemeyer experienced taunting, name calling, assault and isolation from his peers. Even his close friends refused to sit with him at lunch. Later that year, James Rodemeyer committed suicide.This case is just one of many where an adolescent feels that their is no other solution than to end their life. It is estimated that

How far do you agree with this description of how Shylock Is presented in the play Essay Example For Students

How far do you agree with this description of how Shylock Is presented in the play Essay In the play, A Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare presents Shylock as both a man who is sinning but also a man who has been sinned against. Shakespeare shows Shylock as a stereotypical villain as being greedy, malicious and a bitter man who is hated for his money lending but also for his religion. Having said this audience’s nowadays are able to recognise an injustice in the way Shylock is treated. Shylock is shunned from society predominantly due his Jewish background, creating conflicting responses from the audience. In many productions Shylock is portrayed as more of a miserly money lender and malign villain, however to other audiences he is played in a quite different perspective, as a victim of the society around him. Shakespeare achieves all this through the use of various techniques, such imagery,antithesis, repetition and personification. In Act 1 Scene 3, the audience witnesses Shylock for the first time; Shylock nurses a long standing grudge against Antonio, he reveals that he despises Antonio because he is a Christian and also lends without interest therefore bringing down the rate of interest. Here Shylock can be seen to be the one who is sinned against by his contemporaries and is presented as a person who is hated and mocked by Antonio. â€Å"You call me a misbeliever, cut dog throat, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine†¦ You that did void your rheum upon my beard† Shylock uses the command word â€Å"you† to emphasise his anger and bitterness towards Antonio; his frequent mentions of the cruelty he has endured at the hands of Christians makes it hard for the audience to label him as a natural born monster; a view many Elizabethans would have had. Shakespeare also writes, â€Å"He hates our sacred nation† and â€Å"The devil can cite scripture for his purpose/An evil soul producing holy witness/ Is like a villain with a smiling cheek† Accusing Antonio, Shylock again sheds light onto the attitude of Christians towards Jews in the play. As a opposed to the sombre theme of love that dominates 1. 1 and 1. 2, Shakespeare make the audience focus of the word hate, creating a contrast between the three scenes emphasising Shylock’s treatment. Next we see Antonio actively berating Shylock, and comparing him to the devil (a theme repeated throughout the play). Shakespeare uses words like â€Å"evil† and â€Å"villain† to describe Shylock, all of which have dark connotations but at the same time emphasise the contemptuous nature in which Antonio treats Shylock, something the audience would pick upon. Shakespeare uses the phrase â€Å"smiling villain† an image often used in his other plays to show again to the audience Antonio’s racist nature creating the sense that Antonio is the one in the wrong, not Shylock. Antithesis Moreover, Shylock addresses Antonio and Bassanio as â€Å"Signiors or Fair sir†, in a friendly manner. Whether this act of kindness is genuine is debatable however the fact still remains that Antonio still, even after Shylocks politeness replies rudely by still naming him as â€Å"Jew†. Shakespeare here presents Shylock as being not villainous as we once thought he would be but as to being sinned against. Shakespeare creates a very tense conversation between the two men and gives an insight into attitudes into Venetian society and the complex nature of human nature. On the other hand, however, Shylock can be presented to the audience as the sinner of this scene. Shakespeare can be seen as presenting Shylock as a more stereotypical villain; as a deceitful schemer and perhaps even an evil minded person. As soon as Antonio enters the scene, Shylock goes into an aside, â€Å"How like a fawning publican he looks! / I hate him for he is a Christian. One may argue that this sudden uprising of rhetoric stems from the fact that Shylock has been mistreated by Christians; despite this however, the audience still sees Shylock being the one who is being racist towards Antonio, and actually the one sinning against Antonio. Shakespeare using the iambic pentameter to emphasise certain words like â€Å"hate† and â€Å"Christian† to add to the errant tone of Shylock. It adds a sense of bitterness to the overall tone of Shylock’s voice and somewhat puts the spot light upon Antonio. Moreover, Shylock seems to revel in the fact of taking a pound of flesh from Antonio if he fails to pay the bond back. When Shakespeare writes, â€Å"An equal pound of your fair flesh, to be cut off and take in what part of your body pleaseth me† This section of the scene creates a foreboding atmosphere; Shylock refers to the taking of the flesh previously as â€Å"merry – sport† and also does not specify where he will take the pound of flesh from creating a sense of ambiguity and heightening the sense of foreboding in the scene. Furthermore, Shakespeare uses words like â€Å"merry† and pleaseth† to make the audience feel like as though Shylock wants to and takes pleasure in harming people, somewhat fulfilling this villainous image of Shylock. This presentation of Shylock on the contrary unlike before shows Shylock as vengeful and somewhat twisted causing the audience to ponder whether Shylock is a sinner. Furthermore, in Act 3 Scene 1 the audience sees Shylock’s speech, â€Å"hath not a Jew eyes†. A plea for human recognition; through the use of rhetorical questions, repetition and tri-colon, Shakespeare is able to create an emotive and vindictive speech that allows Shakespeare to present to the audience a more lost and helpless Shylock, making the audience feel more sympathetic. Shylock begins his speech by reminding the audience of the pain Antonio has caused him and Shylock starts by listing how and what pain Antonio has inflicted upon him. â€Å"He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what’s his reason? I am a Jew†. Firstly, Shakespeare allows the audience to sympathise, with how Shylock is feeling, they also able hear the anger and fury in Shylock’s voice. His use of rhetorical questions, emphasise his feeling and builds up to a rhetorical climax. Shakespeare uses powerful words like â€Å"mocked†, â€Å"scorned† and â€Å"thwarted† which all have dark connotation and produce â€Å"harsh† sounds when spoken to convey Shylock anger. Shakespeare also uses antithesis to express powerfully the differences between the two religions, when he says â€Å"laughed† against â€Å"losses† and â€Å"cooled my friends† against â€Å"heated mine enemies†, further creating a powerful and dramatic atmosphere around Shylock. In his effort to justify his planned revenge on Antonio. Is Shylock a Villain or a Victim that Deserves Our Sympathy EssayBut she waits until the very last moment to step in, so adding to the humiliation she clearly wishes to inflict upon him. Portia constantly refers to Shylock as â€Å"Jew†, showing us that even Portia is an anti-Semite through her hateful language and deceptive ways, despite our previous assumptions of her character. Shakespeare’s presentation of Shylock means that the audience see a helpless Shylock who is unable to protest against his accusers. The Duke swiftly seizes the opportunity to free Antonio and destroy Shylock. For half thy wealth, it is Antonio’s;/The other half come to the general state. † Both the Duke and Antonio lessen the force of the Portia’s law and show Shylock some generosity. However, by forcing him the convert to a Christian, they strip him of his identity and force to give up his occupation, because Christians are forbidden to practice usury. In other words Shakespeare presents Shylock at the end of the scene as nothing more that the bare animal, as he himself described in Act 1, Scene 3. Shakespeare ends Shylocks part in the play in a somewhat sad way. The audience have the image of a broken Shylock who has nothing left, he says, â€Å"I pray you give me leave to go from hence: I am not well. Send me the deed after me/ And I will sign it. † Shakespeare makes Shylock’s last words in the play virtually monosyllabic meaning what when they are spoken they give the impression to the audience of a man who is dejected and wearisome; Portia becomes more ruthless throughout the scene and with Gratiano showing his usual bile, Shylock is defeated. It does depend on how it is played in each production but generally we are presented with a broken man who has been victimised by his fellow Venetians because of his faith. However, Shylock can also be presented as a â€Å"sinner† in this scene as well. His vengeful attitude towards Antonio and his obsession with the pound of flesh perhaps can alter our view of the Shylock that we have come to sympathise with. One reason the audience may feel like Shylock is a sinner is because of the effect he has on Antonio. Shakespeare writes, â€Å"The weakest kind of fruit,/Drops earliest to the ground† Shakespeare uses the metaphor of Antonio comparing himself to a fruit. The imagery used of a fruit dropping to the ground, gives the sense that Antonio is weak and tired, perhaps shifting our attention away from Shylock and making the audience feel a bit more compassionate towards Antonio. A few lines later the audience is presented with a somewhat disturbing image of Shylock sharpening his knife on his shoe, ready to cut out Antonio’s heart. Bassanio says â€Å" Why dost thou whet thy knife so earnestly? It shows to the audience a Shylock who is odious and as one who will sin countless time to get his revenge; this section builds up the tension and creates a dramatic atmosphere for the audience, between the two parties until the final climax. As we have seen previously, Shylock is presented by Shakespeare as someone who is intent on vengeance which fuels the audience’s perception of his image as careless and cruel. Shylock cannot actually give an explanation for his dislike and want for revenge on Antonio however Shylocks speech expresses a varied range of emotions which also mirror the evil side of his character that the audience an see. Why he cannot abide a gaping pig;/ Why he, a harmless necessary cat; /Why he, a woollen bagpipe, but of force† and â€Å"A losing suit against him. Are you answered† Shakespeare uses a lot of repetition of Shylock’s imagery, â€Å"the gaping pig† and â€Å"woollen bagpipe† and also the rhetorical question, â€Å"are you answered† which repeats several times as well. Shakespeare also uses a tri-colon on the phrase â€Å"Why he†, giving the sense that he is accusing the Christians of the years of abuse. Shylock’s imagery draws on the dullest examples unlike the Christians who use poetic images of angels. His speaking seems more erratic at times and almost also perhaps mimics the way he is feeling, angry, edgy and vengeful. By simply justifying his reasons for revenge because â€Å"he feels like it† Shylock presents and intensifies our image of a man who is cruel and insensitive and who will sin against anyone who threatens his wealth. To, conclude Shakespeare is able to effectively present both a Shylock who is â€Å"sinful† but also a person who has been â€Å"sinned against†. Shakespeare successfully conveys Shylocks emotions by how he interacts with his fellow Christians but also how he reacts to events that happen around him. I personally agree with the phrase â€Å"more sinned against that sinning†. Shylock has endured years of abuse at the hands of the Christians; I believe that is what makes him so cruel and unpleasant at times. The outcome of the play certainly swayed my opinion of Shylock but it still remains that Shylock was not in the wrong most of the time in the play, but was the victim of anti-Semitic ideas of the time. Moreover, over the 400 years since the play was written productions have come to show Shylock as a victim not a villain and sometimes our interpretation of Shylock does depend on the production. However, to a certain extent I agree that Shylock at times was more sinning; we cannot overlook the fact that if he had not been stopped by Portia he may well have killed Antonio and that would have completely altered my interpretation of him as a character. In addition, I do believe that Shakespeare deliberately made Shylock to not kill Antonio as a way of perhaps allowing us and to engage in the complexities of human nature (especially Shylock and Portia) and allow us to develop our view and interpretation of Shylock.