American Women and the American Revolution

Case #5 AP Courses - Essay Example The size of checking is very basic. Every test would be set apart out of 5 with 3 being the most minimal to slither into certain colleges and a score of 4 or 5 being satisfactory to the larger part. With me being the pioneer and school advocate, and the one to represent the deciding moment their 'fantasies', the entire obligation lays on my shoulders. To begin, the main inquiry which would fly into my head would be: 'precisely what amount did these understudies score' Since the most well-known score of acknowledgment is 4 out of 5, it's an important inquiry to know how that by the amount they are falling behind. It is additionally the explanation that I will expect here that my organization acknowledges a 4 out of 5 score for passing. Presently, the most significant truth to mull over is this; these understudies have reliably been on the respect move all through their scholarly vocations. This demonstrates they are persevering and committed understudies sharp after learning. This additionally presents the defense tilt towards their side of the contention since I ought not settle on a choice which will appear to be out of line to them, in which case there may be not kidding outcomes like they may get profoundly de-inspired and quit concentrating out and out.

Transferability of outdoor management development (omd) programmes in Dissertation

Transferability of open air the executives advancement (omd) programs in associations - Dissertation Example eview 15 Introduction 15 Definition of Outdoor Management Development 17 The Framework 18 Outdoor Activities 23 Skills Areas 24 Structure of OMD Programs 26 Critical Evaluation of OMD Philosophy 27 Usefulness of Outdoor Management Development Activities 29 Gap in Research 34 Summary 35 Research Methodology 37 Introduction 37 Research Philosophies 38 Research Approaches 40 Data Collection Methods 41 Data Analysis Strategy 42 Validity and Reliability 44 Research Ethics 44 Research Limitations 45 Summary 47 Discussion and Analysis 48 Outdoor Activities and Participants 48 Data Collection 48 Steps Involved in the Activities 49 Review Process 49 Results 51 Discussion and Analysis of Results 52 Comments on Leadership Theory and Team-Working 53 Intra-Personal Attitudes 55 Orientation towards Team-Working and Teams 58 Effects on Workplace: Skills Transfer from Outdoor Activities to Workplace Environment 60 Conclusion and Recommendations 67 References 72 Appendix 77 Introduction Outdoor Manag ement Development (OMD) is contained three segments: outside condition, experiential learning and work environment conduct changes. The outside condition can be an assortment of zones wherein OMD projects can be led. The open air condition can be given by the forested areas, mountains, ocean water, etc. The central capacity of open air condition is to encourage outside exercises in an unbiased situation as it meets first condition to do OMD program. There are various open air exercises that are done with various goals, for example, mental wellbeing, passionate force, abilities improvement, etc. The open air exercises incorporate self-awareness, initiative, group improvement, stress the executives, correspondence, vulnerability the board and issue... For these goals, first reasonable structures and various components of open air the board improvement were examined in the writing audit. The meaning of OMD, aptitudes, open air exercises, the structure and basic assessment of OMD were directed in the writing audit part. In the conversation and investigation part, the handy research featured the various advances and results of the open air exercises. The key discoveries uncovered that in the whole program, 47 percent of members detailed positive changes in the work environment conduct. In the miniaturized scale dynamic assignments, 23 percent of members uncovered positive change occurred in the work environment conduct. Nonetheless, 52 percent of members in the large scale dynamic undertakings announced impartial changes in the work environment practices. Open air Management Development (OMD) is contained three segments: outside condition, experiential learning and work environment conduct changes. The open air condition can be an assortment of zones wherein OMD projects can be led. The open air condition can be given by the forested areas, mountains, ocean water, etc. The basic capacity of open air condition is to encourage outside exercises in a nonpartisan domain as it meets first condition to complete OMD program. There are various outside exercises that are done with various goals, for example, mental wellbeing, enthusiastic force, abilities advancement, etc. The open air exercises incorporate self-awareness, initiative, group advancement, stress the board, correspondence, vulnerability the executives and critical thinking.

Essay Writing Tutorial

Essay Writing TutorialEssay writing can be difficult and requires a lot of thought. However, essay writing is not necessarily a science. It is merely a way to present an idea or information to the reader in such a way that it is understandable and appealing. An essay writing tutorial will help students who are just starting to write an essay.A student should always start with writing a research paper before writing a thesis, but once the idea has been established, the task of essay writing becomes easier. Essay writing can be time consuming and require a lot of energy. If you want to make sure your writing is crisp and appealing, then you need to practice writing every day.There are various types of essay writing. There are essay style essays which provide information about different topics. These essays are similar to college level assignments. Theses should address a specific topic and should not be long, because these types of essays are hard to read.Essays are divided into two di fferent categories. The first type is the review essay and the second type is the research essay. The latter type is not required for a college level or a high school level assignment. In these essays, the purpose is to explain the topic to the reader.Essays are submitted to college or university organizations. The majority of writing instructors prefer that their students submit work that is formal and well written. Essays can be made up of as many as 20 different paragraphs. Most professors expect students to use proper grammar and punctuation. Essays are expected to contain facts and they are not allowed to abuse the rules.A high school or college level writing assignment can be one of the most fun parts of a student's life. Essays help people express themselves and also help people learn more about subjects. Some people enjoy writing essays in order to solve some problems or to express themselves.One of the reasons why people choose to write essays is because they are looking fo r a career change. In this case, you can opt to do research and write your own essay on the topic of your choice. It is a good way to take advantage of your education and boost your career prospects.Essay writing is not difficult, but it is important that you follow proper grammatical and punctuation. Besides writing an essay, a student can also make up their own thesis. You should spend the necessary time on writing a thesis and completing it.

Essay on Nestle Crunch Marketing Plan - 1086 Words

Nestle Crunch Marketing Plan Sweethelda MK 715- Marketing Management Brenau University Instructor: Dr. North June 10, 2014 Executive Summary This marketing plan was created for Nestle Crunch to position itself in the next year to deliver at least $13 million in profit without increasing the budget by over $2 million. An analysis of the chocolate confectionery market will be analyzed to develop marketing strategies to implement to satisfy these objectives. situation analyses Market Size Crunch is produced by the largest food and beverage company, which is Nestle. Retail sales of chocolate confectionery comprised of $33.8 billion in retail sales, which $16.9 billion were in chocolate sales. Market Trends The growth rate†¦show more content†¦strategy development Financial Projections Strategy and Execution Minus 1 event of free standing insert (FSI) coupon good on one regular size Crunch bar Add I event of A regular bar bonus size (+25%) is offered during 2-week promotional period; it was not offered in 2009 Minus 1 event of a 2-week store display featuring regular size Crunch Distribution increases by 2.0 percentage points A Crunch price increase of +12.5% on all products would match Hersheys retail prices but would still be less than Mars prices; no pricing action was taken in 2009 The following table shows the impact on sales and profit when making changes in the marketing mix. According to the table, with the marketing mix selected we are able to achieve our objective of ensuring production contribution of at least $13 million, our profitability percentage change is at least over 15%, and budget does not increase by more than $2 million. advertising and Promotion Media Marketing The media vehicles for advertising that will be utilized are TV, print, and online. Since TV has the greatest reach, 70% is allocated in the budget for TV advertising and promotion; 20% for online and 10% of the budget for print marketing. The total budget for these media marketing is a little below $12.9 million We have an estimated reach of 90% for the TV advertising and marketing and 10% and 20% for print and online respectively. The pie graph belowShow MoreRelatedMarketing Audit of Nestlà © Crunch Essays2571 Words   |  11 Pages------------------------------------------------- Student Registration Number: | 130198710 | | | Word Count: | 2230 | Marketing Audit of Nestlà © Crunch Introduction: Nestlà © Crunch is a famous chocolate confectionery in the US market, and take up almost 2% market share of the total (Barton 2014). This market audit will be split  into three section, and separately analyze the business environment, marketing mix and STP (Segmentation, targeting and positioning). Finally, a conclusion will be drawn in the end of thisRead MoreSwot Analysis1856 Words   |  8 PagesTECHONLOGY MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PLAN (NESTLE KOKO KRUNCH) DRAFT I – THE INDUSTRY BONGALOS, ALEXIS S. ROJO, JOHN EMMANUEL S. EMG 111 – B1 PROF. MARVIN I. NORONA I. THE INDUSTRY A. Industry Definition: Nestlà © Koko Crunch is in the Food Processing Industry. This is where the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients such as goodness of whole grain and it provides eight essential minerals, plus iron and calcium into food to the consumption by humans. In the Koko Crunch it isRead MoreThe Creation, Development, And Future Of Nestle Toll House Cafe1470 Words   |  6 Pagesto Business 7 December 2105 The Creation, Development, and Future of Nestle Toll House Cafe Nestle Toll House Cafe is one of the most developed and successful franchises known. Henri Nestle, a German entrepreneur, began the fundamentals of Nestle Toll House Cafe in 1867 when he invented a nutritious product for infants that mothers who were not able to breastfeed could utilize. This nurturing product is what gave the Nestle brand the security, affection, nourishment, and nature that everyone looksRead MoreIrish Breakfast Cereal Market2666 Words   |  11 Pagesduring the day. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/dec/28/food.usnews) Cereal manufacturing is a high margin-to-cost business, gross profit margins on processed cereals are 40-45%. According to analysts JP Morgan one of the biggest costs is the marketing, which on average is 20-25% of the sales value. The market can be primarily segmented as cold and hot cereals, with 94% of the market taken by cold cereals and 6% by hot cereals. The cold cereal market covers a broad spectrum of consumer tastesRead MoreIrish Breakfast Cereal Market2679 Words   |  11 Pagesduring the day. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/dec/28/food.usnews) Cereal manufacturing is a high margin-to-cost business, gross profit margins on processed cereals are 40-45%. According to analysts JP Morgan one of the biggest costs is the marketing, which on average is 20-25% of the sales value. The market can be primarily segmented as cold and hot cereals, with 94% of the market taken by cold cereals and 6% by hot cereals. The cold cereal market covers a broad spectrum of consumer tastesRead MoreNestle Market Research3328 Words   |  14 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 2 II. ANALYSIS 3 1 Nestlà © worldwide 3 1.1. Overview of Nestlà © 3 1.2. Vision 4 1.3. Mission 4 1.4 . Objective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 1.5. Products 6 2. Environment of Nestlà © 7 2.1. Internal environment 7 2.1.1. Managers 7 2.1.2. Employees 9 2.2. External environment 10 2.2.1. Customers 10 2.2.2. Suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 2.1.3. Competitors 12 3. Inputs and Outputs 13 3.1. InputsRead MoreMarketing Plan of Nestle2665 Words   |  11 Pagesand these competitors are in reality very strong. They range from small local corner shop retailer to big giants like Pamp;G, Kraft and Nestle. These competitors almost provide equally attractive products and services and sometimes better. These competitors have the power to attract and influence the customers by more attractive substitute, prices and marketing techniques. Threat of Substitution : Continuous research and development in the consumer and household products has brought about a revolutionRead MoreMarketting Plan of Maggi Ketchup5308 Words   |  22 PagesOF THE STUDY: Nestlà © Bangladesh Limited is a leading Food company with lots of global strategic brands operating in Bangladesh. MAGGI is one of the strategic brands of Nestlà © Bangladesh Limited. Worldwide MAGGI brand is used for Nestlà ©s Soup, Noodles, Seasonings, Recipe Mixes and Sauces. In Bangladesh, MAGGI brand has two product categories under this strategic brand name: Noodles and Soups. As part of the brand extension and value creation objective of the company, Nestlà © now is going toRead MoreThe Hershey Company And Tootsie Roll Industries1795 Words   |  8 PagesGordon. Tootsie Roll is a publically owned franchise that is traded as New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Stock Symbol TR. Tootsie Roll maintained a two percent share of the $8 billion total candy market, which was dominated by such corporate giants as Nestlà © and Hershey, it has been a longtime leader in the non-chocolate and lollipop segment of the industry, enjoying a 50 percent market share. ( ) They own many trademarks in the U.S. and internationally. All of them are aggressively known brands suchRead MoreChocolate Industry8116 Words   |  33 PagesContents Titles 1. Introduction 2. Objective 3. Research Methodology 4. Chocolate Industry 5. Chocolate in a Bloom 6. Chocolate Industry in India 7. Major Players 8. Amul 9. Nestle 10. Cadbury 11. SWOT analysis of Cadbury 12. Market Segmentation 13. Psychographics and Demographics 14. Product Positioning 15. Product Market Boundary 16. Price Sensitivity 17. Consumer Buying Behaviour 14. Industry Structure and Dynamics 15. The Rural Conundrum 16. Key Success Factors 17. Product

The Link Between Corruption and Poverty Lessons from...

The Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies INTRODUCTION One thing can be said-the mere fact that corruption has become an item of national preoccupation is paradoxically the first real achievement by Kenyans over corruption Since the end of the last decade the emphasis has moved from building public awareness on corruption issues to understanding the nature of corruption and its effects on the economy, society and politics; understanding the nature of the beast as it were. The global anti-corruption movement, therefore, has moved towards research and a host of rigorous tools have been developed to study and monitor corruption wherever it takes place. Hand in hand with this, efforts to combat corruption†¦show more content†¦In studying the apparent intractability of corruption in many countries V (values) has risen to the fore along with other vital linkages that help present a more comprehensive picture of the nature of corruption in any given country. The link between poverty and corruption is one of these vital rel ationships and, as you shall find in chapter 2, corruption is an important cause of poverty because it promotes unfair distribution of income and inefficient use of resources. DEFINING CORRUPTION It is not intrinsically useful to make qualitative distinctions between corruption in various parts of the world. At the end of the day it often means the same thing: the abuse of public office for private gain. However, this can be broken up into petty corruption, grand corruption and looting. Petty corruption involves relatively minor amounts of money or gifts changing hands where one of the parties is themselves a relatively minor official in the organisation or system within which the transaction takes place. For example paying a policeman one dollar to ignore the fact that your cars licence has expired. Grand corruption most often involves businessmen and government officials of senior rank and the figures involved are significant. Examples of these are kick-backs paid to officials on government public works contracts. The third type of corruption is looting and has recently been described by some commentatorsShow MoreRelatedThe Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Link Between Corruption and Poverty : Lessons from Kenya Case Studies INTRODUCTION One thing can be said-the mere fact that corruption has become an item of national preoccupation is paradoxically the first real achievement by Kenyans over corruption Since the end of the last decade the emphasis has moved from building public awareness on corruption issues to understanding the nature of corruption and its effects on the economy, society and politics; understanding the nature of the beast asRead More The Collapse of Somalia and Economic Considerations Essay4780 Words   |  20 Pagesvulnerability of Somalia’s undiversified economy; (3) domestic economic policy failures and â€Å"land-grabbing† by elites; (4) the failure of IMF-World bank structural adjustment programs. The combination of these events, coupled with famine, led to fighting between warlords and the collapse of state. Finally, this essay will analyze how the process of Somalia’s decline necessitated the establishment of a shadow economy that continued to prosper desp ite the absence of state. In analyzing these issues it isRead MoreStudent7526 Words   |  31 PagesIMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA PUBLIC CORPORATIONS Hazel Gachoka Gachunga1 Abstract Globalization has a major impact on the management of human resources in developing countries including Kenya. It has led to homogenization and convergence in organization strategies, structures and processes as well as in consumer choice. With accelerating globalization, organizations have had to change and new trends have set in evenRead MoreImpact of Hrm7495 Words   |  30 PagesIMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA PUBLIC CORPORATIONS Hazel Gachoka Gachunga1 Abstract Globalization has a major impact on the management of human resources in developing countries including Kenya. It has led to homogenization and convergence in organization strategies, structures and processes as well as in consumer choice. With accelerating globalization, organizations have had to change and new trends have set in evenRead MoreImpact of Foreign Aid on Poverty and Economic Development in Nigeria16050 Words   |  65 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This project focuses on the poverty profile in Nigeria, the foreign aids given to the nation to help alleviate poverty and how it affects the economic development of Nigeria. According to the World Bank website, â€Å"poverty is hunger. It is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. It is not being able to go to school, not knowing how to read, and not being able to speak properly. Poverty is not having a job, and is fear for the future, and livingRead MoreTheoretical Framework on- Non Governmental Organisations and International Non Governmental Organisations (Support Base, Funding Pattern and Relation with State)9266 Words   |  38 PagesProfessor Potter feels that the term international organization can be best used for â€Å"the aggregate of procedure and organs for expressing the unification of nations.† The present century is considered as an era of international organizations when apart from the League of Nations and the United Nations, many specialized agencies, both regional and specialized, are created. In addition scores of public international organizations, concerned with almost every conceivable aspect of international relationsRead MoreSustainable Tea at Unilever10669 Words   |  43 Pagesproducts. But more importantly, it would create a company better suited to survive in the future which Polman envisaged: tC This is a world that is challenged. When you look at the interdependent challenges that we face on food security, poverty reduction, sustainability of resources, climate change, and social, economic, environmental development, these challenges have never been greater. And I believe that these pressures will only increase as 2 billion more people enter this world and Read MoreRole of Media in Tourism9761 Words   |  40 Pagesdocuments   and   media   communication   technology   data.   The   author   argues   that   new   media   communication   technologies   are   vital  players  in  catalyzing  local,  national  and  global  tourism  business  development  and   inter†cultural   dependency   between   Africa   and   the   western   world.   Africa   is   a   potential   major   market   source   of   revenues   for   local   and   foreign   tourism   industry   products   and   services.  The  loss  of  Africa’s  market  shares  in  the  global  tourism  arena  is  attributable  to  Read MoreWater Wars4440 Words   |  18 Pagesunderstood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between p olitical communities, war is a violent way for determining who gets to say what goes on in a given territory (Orend). With this said, conflicts over water have been the source of dispute since humans began cultivating food; hence the word â€Å"rivalry† comes from the Latin word rivali, â€Å"one using the same river as another† (The World Watch Institute). The relation between water and violence has often been overlooked; until influentialRead MoreThe Impact of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth in Nigeria18675 Words   |  75 PagesAPPROACH OF THIS INAUGURAL LECTURE 6 REFLECTIONS ON THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY 8 3.0 4.0 5.0 AGRICULTURE FROM THE LOOKING GLASS OF MAN’S ECONOMIC HISTORY 16 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY FROM PARADIGMATIC VIEWPOINTS ABOUT THE STATE VIS-A-VIS MARKET 21 6.0 NIGERIAN AGRICULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MODELS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 29 7.0 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR FROM THE LOOKING GLASS OF EVOLUTION OF NIGERIA’S POLITICAL ECONOMY 38 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY: THE PARADOX INSIDE OUT 52

The Factors And Effects Of Teenage Suicide - 1912 Words

Alexis Kinson Mrs. Laframboise Contemporary fiction January 6 2015 The factors and effects of teenage suicide as the result of bullying There has been an unfortunate increase in the news about teenagers killing themselves as a result of being bullied. With the increase of social media bullying is now easier and faster to do. Even if someone doesn’t live in the same area as their bully they can still be bullied and taunted. One of the reasons why teenage suicide has gone up with the increase of social media use is because bullying is not as hard to track because someone can delete their harmful comments like they never happened. Instead of posting on a public forum like their â€Å"wall† a bully can send them a private message and later delete it when questioned about it. Since the internet is a newer invention there aren’t as many regulations on it which means people who bully others on the internet can hide away behind their computers and get away with the hateful comments they posted. It would take a long time to figure out how to deal with the hateful comments that appear. Most Social media si tes include features such as reporting a post or person, blocking, or just removing that person from your â€Å"friend† group. Because of the first amendment harsh words are seen as freedom of speech and are allowed to be said and written. However there is a bold line between freedom of speech and slander which is not protected under certain circumstances. WhenShow MoreRelatedTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn t It? If You Only Knew?1158 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Suicide, Depressing Isn’t It? If You Only Knew †¦ According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, suicide is a noun defined as the act of taking your own life because you do not want to continue living. Teenage is a noun defined as relating to people who are between thirteen and nineteen years old (Merriam-Webster). Several factors can lead to a teenager making the decision to commit suicide. When it does happen or an attempt is made, it can be very difficult to pinpoint the reason(s). TeensRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills799 Words   |  4 Pagesor act from many perspectives. In particular, it plays a paramount role in Donna Gaines Teenage Wasteland. It is a tragic story of 4 teens who together, committed suicide. The teens were deemed as â€Å"dropouts, druggies† [Teenage Wasteland 8.2] by newspapers and were still treated with disdain even after their deaths. However, using the sociological imagination, Gaines argues that this is not simply a suicide committed by â€Å"troubled teens† but other underlying themes are present. One of the firstRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Teenage Dating1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe Negative Effects of Teenage Dating Sean D. 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Symptoms of a hangover often consist of nausea, fatigue, thirst, headache, diarrhea, and sensitivity to light and noise. The severity of a hangover depends on several factors; these factors include the amoun t of alcohol consumed, the levelRead MoreTeenage Suicide On The Rise Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage Suicide on the Rise: In 2011, James Rodemeyer, a 14 year old junior high school student from Buffalo revealed his bisexuality via the World Wide Web. The weeks following Rodemeyer experienced taunting, name calling, assault and isolation from his peers. Even his close friends refused to sit with him at lunch. Later that year, James Rodemeyer committed suicide.This case is just one of many where an adolescent feels that their is no other solution than to end their life. It is estimated that

How far do you agree with this description of how Shylock Is presented in the play Essay Example For Students

How far do you agree with this description of how Shylock Is presented in the play Essay In the play, A Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare presents Shylock as both a man who is sinning but also a man who has been sinned against. Shakespeare shows Shylock as a stereotypical villain as being greedy, malicious and a bitter man who is hated for his money lending but also for his religion. Having said this audience’s nowadays are able to recognise an injustice in the way Shylock is treated. Shylock is shunned from society predominantly due his Jewish background, creating conflicting responses from the audience. In many productions Shylock is portrayed as more of a miserly money lender and malign villain, however to other audiences he is played in a quite different perspective, as a victim of the society around him. Shakespeare achieves all this through the use of various techniques, such imagery,antithesis, repetition and personification. In Act 1 Scene 3, the audience witnesses Shylock for the first time; Shylock nurses a long standing grudge against Antonio, he reveals that he despises Antonio because he is a Christian and also lends without interest therefore bringing down the rate of interest. Here Shylock can be seen to be the one who is sinned against by his contemporaries and is presented as a person who is hated and mocked by Antonio. â€Å"You call me a misbeliever, cut dog throat, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine†¦ You that did void your rheum upon my beard† Shylock uses the command word â€Å"you† to emphasise his anger and bitterness towards Antonio; his frequent mentions of the cruelty he has endured at the hands of Christians makes it hard for the audience to label him as a natural born monster; a view many Elizabethans would have had. Shakespeare also writes, â€Å"He hates our sacred nation† and â€Å"The devil can cite scripture for his purpose/An evil soul producing holy witness/ Is like a villain with a smiling cheek† Accusing Antonio, Shylock again sheds light onto the attitude of Christians towards Jews in the play. As a opposed to the sombre theme of love that dominates 1. 1 and 1. 2, Shakespeare make the audience focus of the word hate, creating a contrast between the three scenes emphasising Shylock’s treatment. Next we see Antonio actively berating Shylock, and comparing him to the devil (a theme repeated throughout the play). Shakespeare uses words like â€Å"evil† and â€Å"villain† to describe Shylock, all of which have dark connotations but at the same time emphasise the contemptuous nature in which Antonio treats Shylock, something the audience would pick upon. Shakespeare uses the phrase â€Å"smiling villain† an image often used in his other plays to show again to the audience Antonio’s racist nature creating the sense that Antonio is the one in the wrong, not Shylock. Antithesis Moreover, Shylock addresses Antonio and Bassanio as â€Å"Signiors or Fair sir†, in a friendly manner. Whether this act of kindness is genuine is debatable however the fact still remains that Antonio still, even after Shylocks politeness replies rudely by still naming him as â€Å"Jew†. Shakespeare here presents Shylock as being not villainous as we once thought he would be but as to being sinned against. Shakespeare creates a very tense conversation between the two men and gives an insight into attitudes into Venetian society and the complex nature of human nature. On the other hand, however, Shylock can be presented to the audience as the sinner of this scene. Shakespeare can be seen as presenting Shylock as a more stereotypical villain; as a deceitful schemer and perhaps even an evil minded person. As soon as Antonio enters the scene, Shylock goes into an aside, â€Å"How like a fawning publican he looks! / I hate him for he is a Christian. One may argue that this sudden uprising of rhetoric stems from the fact that Shylock has been mistreated by Christians; despite this however, the audience still sees Shylock being the one who is being racist towards Antonio, and actually the one sinning against Antonio. Shakespeare using the iambic pentameter to emphasise certain words like â€Å"hate† and â€Å"Christian† to add to the errant tone of Shylock. It adds a sense of bitterness to the overall tone of Shylock’s voice and somewhat puts the spot light upon Antonio. Moreover, Shylock seems to revel in the fact of taking a pound of flesh from Antonio if he fails to pay the bond back. When Shakespeare writes, â€Å"An equal pound of your fair flesh, to be cut off and take in what part of your body pleaseth me† This section of the scene creates a foreboding atmosphere; Shylock refers to the taking of the flesh previously as â€Å"merry – sport† and also does not specify where he will take the pound of flesh from creating a sense of ambiguity and heightening the sense of foreboding in the scene. Furthermore, Shakespeare uses words like â€Å"merry† and pleaseth† to make the audience feel like as though Shylock wants to and takes pleasure in harming people, somewhat fulfilling this villainous image of Shylock. This presentation of Shylock on the contrary unlike before shows Shylock as vengeful and somewhat twisted causing the audience to ponder whether Shylock is a sinner. Furthermore, in Act 3 Scene 1 the audience sees Shylock’s speech, â€Å"hath not a Jew eyes†. A plea for human recognition; through the use of rhetorical questions, repetition and tri-colon, Shakespeare is able to create an emotive and vindictive speech that allows Shakespeare to present to the audience a more lost and helpless Shylock, making the audience feel more sympathetic. Shylock begins his speech by reminding the audience of the pain Antonio has caused him and Shylock starts by listing how and what pain Antonio has inflicted upon him. â€Å"He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what’s his reason? I am a Jew†. Firstly, Shakespeare allows the audience to sympathise, with how Shylock is feeling, they also able hear the anger and fury in Shylock’s voice. His use of rhetorical questions, emphasise his feeling and builds up to a rhetorical climax. Shakespeare uses powerful words like â€Å"mocked†, â€Å"scorned† and â€Å"thwarted† which all have dark connotation and produce â€Å"harsh† sounds when spoken to convey Shylock anger. Shakespeare also uses antithesis to express powerfully the differences between the two religions, when he says â€Å"laughed† against â€Å"losses† and â€Å"cooled my friends† against â€Å"heated mine enemies†, further creating a powerful and dramatic atmosphere around Shylock. In his effort to justify his planned revenge on Antonio. Is Shylock a Villain or a Victim that Deserves Our Sympathy EssayBut she waits until the very last moment to step in, so adding to the humiliation she clearly wishes to inflict upon him. Portia constantly refers to Shylock as â€Å"Jew†, showing us that even Portia is an anti-Semite through her hateful language and deceptive ways, despite our previous assumptions of her character. Shakespeare’s presentation of Shylock means that the audience see a helpless Shylock who is unable to protest against his accusers. The Duke swiftly seizes the opportunity to free Antonio and destroy Shylock. For half thy wealth, it is Antonio’s;/The other half come to the general state. † Both the Duke and Antonio lessen the force of the Portia’s law and show Shylock some generosity. However, by forcing him the convert to a Christian, they strip him of his identity and force to give up his occupation, because Christians are forbidden to practice usury. In other words Shakespeare presents Shylock at the end of the scene as nothing more that the bare animal, as he himself described in Act 1, Scene 3. Shakespeare ends Shylocks part in the play in a somewhat sad way. The audience have the image of a broken Shylock who has nothing left, he says, â€Å"I pray you give me leave to go from hence: I am not well. Send me the deed after me/ And I will sign it. † Shakespeare makes Shylock’s last words in the play virtually monosyllabic meaning what when they are spoken they give the impression to the audience of a man who is dejected and wearisome; Portia becomes more ruthless throughout the scene and with Gratiano showing his usual bile, Shylock is defeated. It does depend on how it is played in each production but generally we are presented with a broken man who has been victimised by his fellow Venetians because of his faith. However, Shylock can also be presented as a â€Å"sinner† in this scene as well. His vengeful attitude towards Antonio and his obsession with the pound of flesh perhaps can alter our view of the Shylock that we have come to sympathise with. One reason the audience may feel like Shylock is a sinner is because of the effect he has on Antonio. Shakespeare writes, â€Å"The weakest kind of fruit,/Drops earliest to the ground† Shakespeare uses the metaphor of Antonio comparing himself to a fruit. The imagery used of a fruit dropping to the ground, gives the sense that Antonio is weak and tired, perhaps shifting our attention away from Shylock and making the audience feel a bit more compassionate towards Antonio. A few lines later the audience is presented with a somewhat disturbing image of Shylock sharpening his knife on his shoe, ready to cut out Antonio’s heart. Bassanio says â€Å" Why dost thou whet thy knife so earnestly? It shows to the audience a Shylock who is odious and as one who will sin countless time to get his revenge; this section builds up the tension and creates a dramatic atmosphere for the audience, between the two parties until the final climax. As we have seen previously, Shylock is presented by Shakespeare as someone who is intent on vengeance which fuels the audience’s perception of his image as careless and cruel. Shylock cannot actually give an explanation for his dislike and want for revenge on Antonio however Shylocks speech expresses a varied range of emotions which also mirror the evil side of his character that the audience an see. Why he cannot abide a gaping pig;/ Why he, a harmless necessary cat; /Why he, a woollen bagpipe, but of force† and â€Å"A losing suit against him. Are you answered† Shakespeare uses a lot of repetition of Shylock’s imagery, â€Å"the gaping pig† and â€Å"woollen bagpipe† and also the rhetorical question, â€Å"are you answered† which repeats several times as well. Shakespeare also uses a tri-colon on the phrase â€Å"Why he†, giving the sense that he is accusing the Christians of the years of abuse. Shylock’s imagery draws on the dullest examples unlike the Christians who use poetic images of angels. His speaking seems more erratic at times and almost also perhaps mimics the way he is feeling, angry, edgy and vengeful. By simply justifying his reasons for revenge because â€Å"he feels like it† Shylock presents and intensifies our image of a man who is cruel and insensitive and who will sin against anyone who threatens his wealth. To, conclude Shakespeare is able to effectively present both a Shylock who is â€Å"sinful† but also a person who has been â€Å"sinned against†. Shakespeare successfully conveys Shylocks emotions by how he interacts with his fellow Christians but also how he reacts to events that happen around him. I personally agree with the phrase â€Å"more sinned against that sinning†. Shylock has endured years of abuse at the hands of the Christians; I believe that is what makes him so cruel and unpleasant at times. The outcome of the play certainly swayed my opinion of Shylock but it still remains that Shylock was not in the wrong most of the time in the play, but was the victim of anti-Semitic ideas of the time. Moreover, over the 400 years since the play was written productions have come to show Shylock as a victim not a villain and sometimes our interpretation of Shylock does depend on the production. However, to a certain extent I agree that Shylock at times was more sinning; we cannot overlook the fact that if he had not been stopped by Portia he may well have killed Antonio and that would have completely altered my interpretation of him as a character. In addition, I do believe that Shakespeare deliberately made Shylock to not kill Antonio as a way of perhaps allowing us and to engage in the complexities of human nature (especially Shylock and Portia) and allow us to develop our view and interpretation of Shylock.

Meat Products Trade Between U.S. European Community free essay sample

Effects of growth hormone ban, health safety, protectionism, irradiation, GATT, World Trade Organization, politics, supply demand, pricing, future. This research examines the meat products trade between the European Community (EC) and the United States (US). Both red-meat and poultry meat products are included in this examination. One focal point of this examination concerns the effects of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the treaty establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) likely will have on the meat products trade between the EC and the US. The 1988-1990 Period The most serious and long-running dispute between the EC and the US in relation to meat products trade involves the EU ban on the importation of meat products produced from animals that have

Writing effective marketing materials, Medtech Business - Emphasis

Writing effective marketing materials, Medtech Business Writing effective marketing materials, Medtech Business Medical technologies may cross language barriers, but words are the building blocks of a marketing message. Rob Ashton of Emphasis explains how mastering writing skills can help you target and influence the right people. Your company has created an exciting medical innovation. Lets say its a new technology that replaces faulty heart valves without the need for open-heart surgery. Its been patented and is ready to take the world by storm. Not only will it save lives, in the long run it will also save hospitals considerable time and money. The technology may be impressive, but convincing the relevant decision-makers to buy the product is easier said than done. As you know, healthcare is a fast-moving area and your innovation will be fighting for attention with the scores of new products, techniques and studies released every day. Your sales team will be promoting the benefits of the product in sales presentations and one-to-one meetings. You can pave the way by creating compelling marketing materials that will generate interest even excitement before those meetings take place. But simply making such material available wont guarantee that your message is heard. Most managers have a stack of reports, letters and e-mails to wade through on a daily basis. Reading a leaflet or letter on a new heart surgery technology may be the least of their priorities. Thats why your marketing materials need to be carefully crafted. They need to be written in language that prompts your reader to take action. A powerful, well-written document can make even the most harried managers sit up and take notice. It can convince them that they need your product. But it must address their needs, not yours. How can you write marketing materials that will really get your products noticed? Do the groundwork Whether youre writing a leaflet, a poster or web content, you need to prepare. Research your market fully before you start and make sure you understand all the challenges your prospects face. A nursing home will have different needs from an NHS hospital, for example. So avoid a one size fits all approach to your marketing. Keep your focus on the reader by asking yourself the following questions: What is the document about? Who will read it? How much do they already know about the subject? What do they absolutely need to know? How important is the subject to them? How interested are they in the subject? (Note that readers arent always interested in whats important to them. So you often need to make them interested.) Then grab a pen and paper and brainstorm all the ways that your product can help to meet your prospects challenges. Use the headings Who? What? Where? When? and Why? to help this process. Then use the information to write a set of powerful reasons why they should buy your product. Arrest the reader The seven steps below will help you to write effective leaflets, posters, sales letters and web content. Create a snappy headline Eye-scanning studies of website users by research body Eyetrack III have shown that people read only the first two words of a headline and ignore the introductory sections. So it is essential to create a compelling statement that will motivate people to read on. For example, a headline that reads Hospitals gain 20 more beds a week through nanotechnology is striking because of the first two words: hospitals are usually overcrowded, so this introduces a solution to a familiar problem. Find an angle Generate more interest by including facts and statistics that relate to the problems faced by your audience. Appeal to their logic and explain how your product makes a difference. For example, you could write: The new nanotechnology means patients spend 40% less time convalescing. Bite the bullet The Eyetrack III research also revealed that only one in six people actually read websites sentence by sentence. Naomi Baron, a linguistics professor at the American University in Washington DC, calls this the search and seize approach. Assuming that your readers will treat all your documents like this will help you to create clear written work. So include lots of bullet points and subheadings and use important words that your readers will be looking for. Make your writing as simple as possible, but dont be afraid to use jargon if youre certain your readers will understand it. Jargon can actually help to build rapport but its a fine balance between that and alienating some readers. Be active Use the active voice where possible. For instance, write You should notice a difference in three days rather than A difference within three days can be expected. Give proof Boost your credibility by using testimonials or endorsements where leading experts have spoken about the technology. Offer a next step Make sure you tell the reader what to do next. In a letter, you might ask them to call you for more information. Or a leaflet might direct them to your website. Keep it simple Always choose simple words over complicated ones. And if you cant say a sentence all in one breath, the chances are that its too long. Aim for a maximum of 1520 words per sentence. Mail mastery According to an Emphasis survey of 200 companies in the UK, senior managers say that at least a fifth of the e-mails they receive are poorly written. So remember to take as much care over your e-mails as you do with your other marketing materials. The first step is to create a descriptive subject line. For instance, Follow-up documents from 20 March meeting may be accurate but if your e-mail is designed to market a product, you need to be creative. Five ways hospitals can save 50 minutes a day should be intriguing enough to persuade a manager to open your e-mail. Structure your e-mail by following the SCRAP formula: Situation Start by explaining the situation (where they are). Complication Introduce the idea that theres a problem (why they cant stay there) they need to solve or a request they need to fulfil. Resolution State how you can resolve the problem or request. Its likely that your reader will be glad to see a practical, considered solution, whatever it is. Action Suggest what action the reader can or should take. Politeness End with a polite sign-off. Following this formula will help your readers to understand your message clearly. (You can apply the same principles to your follow-up letters.) It can be difficult to read lengthy documents on a PC. So if your message wont fit on one screen, use an attachment for the details. You can make the message easier to read by including subheadings. But take extra care with e-mails. Remember that its very easy for them to go viral. So only write what you dont mind having broadcast on the 10 OClock News. Hot news Having news reports or features appear in newspapers and magazines is an excellent way to build credibility with the people you want to influence. Press releases are the standard format for sending journalists news. But with so many in circulation, it can be difficult to get yours noticed. Journalists are also starting to bite back against releases that are poorly written, irrelevant to their needs or little more than thinly-veiled sales pitches. How do you get your press release to the top of the pile? The secret is to give journalists exactly what they want: a news story. The headline is the most important part of your document. Press releases can be very effective if you tie the headline to a topical event. For instance, Medical software helps Haiti earthquake victims is compelling because it ties the technology to a major global health crisis. And it presents a clear angle that makes people want to read on. Next, state the facts of the story. Get to the good stuff straight away, as journalists wont have time to wade through background information. Try to put the word today in the first sentence to show that its news. For example, you could write: Doctors implemented a patient database today in Haiti. If you cant say today then use the present perfect tense (Doctors have saved) rather than the past tense (Doctors saved) where possible, as the former implies something closer to the moment. After using the present perfect tense, use the future tense to show that you have your finger on the pulse. So you could write: Doctors will now be able to track patient progress 75% faster than before. Using figures in this way is very effective. But where possible, also include people in your document. So opt for One in four people will benefit rather than 25% will benefit. Finally, go back to your first sentence and ask yourself: So what? If you cant answer that, your message isnt compelling enough. Refine your document until youre convinced that its news that cannot be ignored. Think of writing marketing material as an investment. Dont be disheartened if a campaign doesnt immediately strike gold. Keep working on your writing style and aim to make it as punchy as possible. The more you practise, the more youll be able to write your way to marketing success. Rob Ashton is Chief Executive of Emphasis, the specialist business-writing trainers.

Performance Incentive Programs in Healthcare Research Paper

Performance Incentive Programs in Healthcare - Research Paper Example In the second report of the Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, the â€Å"quality gap† of the healthcare practice in America was revealed with over 70 studies documenting quality shortcomings.   The quality gap was more prominent in the care that people should receive and the care that they do not receive.   In the second report of the Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, the â€Å"quality gap† of the healthcare practice in America was revealed with over 70 studies documenting quality shortcomings.   The quality gap was more prominent in the care that people should receive and the care that they do not receive.    B. Flaws in the structure of the current health care payment system- fee for service part of the structural flaw that led to quality gaps and the deteriorated state of US healthcare system was partly attributed to the systems of payment to medical providers that do not encourage quality but rather volume.1. Fee for service does not consider quality, efficiency, and cost management quality gaps and deteriorated state of health care that is susceptible to error that accounted for 44,000 to 98,000 deaths per year in the US could have been attributed to the fee for service payment system that does not consider quality, efficiency and cost management (IOM, 2001).   The fee for service payment systems stresses more on quantity and volume rather than the quality of care that a medical provider gives to a patient. 2. Managed Care Organizations differHMOs, PPOs are third-party managed care organizations that also differ in payment to medical providers.   This payment system is not driven to provide quality care but to reduce its cost which could be inimical to the quality of care rendered since the fees are already predetermined.

History of islamic spreading worldwide PowerPoint Presentation

History of islamic spreading worldwide - PowerPoint Presentation Example Founded by Prophet Muhammad, the religion has spread over the centuries to cut across every society around the world. Historic Age Role of Politics in Spreading Islamic Religion By examining the Arab conquest in the early centuries, one is able to trace the history and the trends in spreading the Islamic faith around the globe. History shows that by 15th century Islamic religion had started spreading across the globe (Lockard 295). In these early days, political systems were instrumental in influencing religious activities. The Ottoman Empire was a regional power during this period. It had established as a multiethnic nation attracting traders from Africa, Europe, and other parts of Asia. When Muhammad conquered this city, the religion of the nation became Islamic. With the politics of the day bending towards the Islamic religion, Islam spread very fast. Moreover, every trader that visited the Ottoman Empire learned of the religion and subsequently spread the religion to their land. Political empires spearheaded the spread on the Islamic religion across the world. For instance, the Ottoman Empire expanded rapidly, conquering European countries such as Hungary. The political goodwill provided space for spreading Islamic religion to spaces where the Muslim pilgrims landed. As indicated, trade was an important factor that influenced the distribution or migration of people in the early times. Historians attribute the migration patterns to accommodative political dominions. Such dominions would enable the Muslim pilgrims to settle in a given region and spread the Islamic religion. The conquest of Arab in the 14 and 15th century did not only expand political interest into the conquered land, but also religious practices (Lockard 295). For instance, when the Ottoman Empire conquered some parts of Europe, this government allowed the Muslims to spread their religion to the conquered world. Notable, when the Muslim Empire Spain fell 15th century, some Muslim thought it w ould be the end of the Islamic religion in the western countries. The powerful Islamic state relied on their economic and political power to advance the spread of Islamic religion. Some of these states included Persia, Ottoman Empire, among others. The resurgence of Muslim states in India other parts of the world in 1500 was as result of the so-called social renewal. Largely, the social renewal is a term that describes the change in tact of spreading Islamic religion after the fall of the Ottoman Empire in Spain. The Muslim pilgrims detected the dangers associated with the fall of this empire, consequently developing new trends of spreading the Islamic religion to other parts of the world. Role of trade in spreading Islamic Religion Historians link cultural exchanges, language, ideas, and religion to the early Arabs trading activities with their neighbors Africa, European, and East. As the Arab merchants travelled to these destinations, they influenced the practices of the people th ey met in these continents, consequently leading to the establishment of the Islamic religion. Muslim traders alongside other traders could intermingle and share their religious practices freely. Historians attribute the spread of Islam beyond Mecca and the Arab countries to the trade. Traders could journey from southern Asia, Africa, Europe, and other parts of the world to buy merchandise from the Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman E

Discovering Guinea Pigs Essay Example for Free

Discovering Guinea Pigs Essay I. Project Description and General Information Since the world of Science has evolved, the experiments of scientists and other researchers also improve and get more complicated and may sometimes sound ridiculous. In modern Psychology, specifically in studying certain behaviors, animals have become subjects of some experiments. Now, why do we use Guinea pigs or other animals like rabbits, rats, monkeys and others to conduct trainings or experiments? Well, majority of the scientists all over the world have been used to directing and conducting animal studies which have become very rampant nowadays and which serve as a field to focus on animal behavior in a variety of cross-disciplinary ways. Animals have often been used as subjects primarily because it is less expensive and it is more distant to unethical situations just like conducting physiological manipulations (to human beings) particularly brain lesions, sensory deprivations and more. Animals, especially those reared in laboratories can be easily controlled and observed which give way to the formation of more desirable data that can possibly be likened to those of the human beings. II. Project Statement This project will focus more about dealing with guinea pigs and getting know what it can do as well as training it to form its â€Å"cognitive map† or discovering its way out of the maze. It is expected that the trainers/students will be able to discover and grasp the behavior of the animal in order for them to get along with it easily and to successfully condition it to what it should do. III. Project Objectives Every experiment or proposal has its expected outcome(s). It is important that the expectations of the group will not selfishly depend on â€Å"what they just have to get or achieve.† Whatever the results are, it is significant that the learning and acquisitions from the experiment will be then applied in everyday situations. The following are the intentions, aims and goals of the students/trainers behind this project: †¢ To get to know more about the animal (Guinea pig) as well as its likes, dislikes and whatever that grabs its attention †¢ To train the animal with proper care and patience and help build its cognitive map to help it get out of the maze †¢ To build a healthy relationship between the animal and the trainers †¢ To give the animal proper attention and exercise its intelligence †¢ To provide the animal’s physiological and biological needs †¢ To be able to grasp and comprehend how the Guinea pig behaves and how it can be compare d to other animals and even to human beings †¢ To finally apply and practice the gained knowledge about the theories of learning †¢ To discover more about the importance of animal studies in Cognitive Neuroscience †¢ For the students/trainers: To pass 50% of the exam and 10% of the final grade What are the benefits of this project? †¢ The Guinea pig will have been able to exercise its learning. †¢ The students will be able to value cooperation, patience, perseverance, tenderness and determination toward the animal and toward each other in order to have a harmonious relationship. †¢ The animal care level of the students will increase tremendously especially when they have been able to realize how an animal should be treated and be taken cared of. †¢ Animal research and experiments will be widened and will be enhanced more when applied properly to everyday situations. †¢ Queries about some behavior will easily be observed easily by just the use of animals if one has already mastered how the experiments would run and what desirable attitudes he must invest. †¢ The theories of learning will be more elaborated, practiced and applied in day-to-day activities. †¢ The students will finally and fully appreciate the importance of animal studies in Cognitive Neuroscience. What are the theories of learning that could be possibly applied during the training? We will associate here the â€Å"The Three Theories of Learning† by Edward Lee Thorndike which are the law of readiness, exercise and effect. Before we start the experiment, we should first condition the Guinea pig and make it ready so that it will not be shocked or stressed about the activities that we are going to introduce to it. The assigned trainer should also be ready in handling the experiment to avoid any failure or any disruption. Whatever the successful activities and procedures are must be continued and exercised more so that the animal will easily forget the things that it has learned during the experiment. If the things related to the activity will be associated well, then there will be a good result. We will also apply here the â€Å"Classical conditioning† by Ivan Pavlov because we are going to associate food and a bell in order for the Guinea pig to pass through the maze easily. These stimuli when applied at the same time will grab the attention of the animal making it be more alert in the activity. IV. Do’s and Don’ts in handling Guinea Pig Do’s The guinea pig Project Implementation/Procedure We prepared a series of tasks and goals that should be achieved during the training. We will have it done one at a time until the Guinea Pig has mastered the maze as well as successfully going through the obstacles. The following are the tasks and goals that should be achieved during a specific week: First week of training: During the first week of preparation and training, we will first finalize the structure of the maze consisting of three entrances and three exits with at least six turns in entrance 1 to exit 1, entrance 2 to exit 2 and entrance 3 to exit 3 as well as placing corresponding obstacles. It is also important that we will observe the animal first before the training proper so that we can easily adjust to its weaknesses and its strengths. By then, we will let the animal explore the maze for a couple of minutes during its first encounter with it. We also plan to starve the animal first before we start every session (this will be done all throughout the project length). Afterwards, we will start the one-route training (starting with the easiest one) by using different strategies and techniques without hurting the animal. This is also the time that we will now associate the food and the bell. If ever the animal has mastered the first route or path, we will then start to position and introduce it to the second one. Second week of training: The procedure will be the same but the training will get even more difficult as the animal is being placed into a new path and letting it pass through an obstacle. When the animal has already mastered the second route, we will then introduce it to the third one. However, while we are training the animal to successfully go through the second one, there will be times that we will try to put it back to the first one so that whatever is installed in its mind will be made recent until the end of the training. Third week of training: By this time, the Guinea Pig should have mastered the first and second routes and should be finished with the third one. Once it has accomplished everything including obstacles, we will start to randomly assign it to any entrance. Fourth week of training: We will repeatedly continue the activities we have accomplished during the first three weeks. This will serve as the polishing part and so that the Guinea pig will enhance its cognitive map and for us to accomplish a successful training. We will also record some scenes during some sessions to serve as a back-up if ever the said animal will die or lose its mind before the final performance.

The Endocrine System Essay -- Biology, Hormones

In the human body we have a system that deals with chemical communication through the use of hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones and the target cells that respond to the hormones, this system is called the Endocrine system. This is used to help maintain the essential purpose of the human body which can range the metabolism to growth. This system also works in line with the nervous system in regulating the interior functions and keep up homeostasis and also long term behaviour. There are many hormones in the human body that can affect attitude and behaviour. A very common behaviour throughout the human life, which is affected greatly by hormones, is the sexual behaviour. There are a range of hormones which are created from the gonads and placenta which affect this behaviour. These can be set into two different categories for both male and female, male hormones is known as androgens, which has testosterone which allows the progression of the male reproductive area and the preservation, also provides secondary characteristics and behaviour. The female hormones is known as Estrogens, such as estradiol, which functions in the improvement plus preservation of the woman’s reproductive area, which allows the growth of the other sex characteristics , also the changes in behaviour and in the reproduction of the mammary glands. However both male and females, produce both types of hormones and both have important effects, but males produce more androgens and females produce more estrogens. There has been lots of attention in the connection among behaviour and hormones and it shows that the normal difference in the quantity of hormones which is presented is related with the difference in behaviour. A case of this can be... ...he affects of the female hormones as a result of it been seen as controversial to do. Therefore we have to assume that hormones affect the behaviour of all humans even though research is done on the male hormones. Although there is still knowledge in the fact that when a woman goes through her menstrual cycle that it affects their behaviour and mood, there is still no clear research into which hormones affects this change. On the other hand, females do still contain a little of the testosterone hormone in their system so this could still affect the females behaviour even though they don’t have a high amount of testosterone, however this is still yet to be researched due to complications. Overall we can see that hormones can affects one’s behaviour and there is still research yet to be done into a greater extent to find which hormones can affect which behaviour. The Endocrine System Essay -- Biology, Hormones In the human body we have a system that deals with chemical communication through the use of hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones and the target cells that respond to the hormones, this system is called the Endocrine system. This is used to help maintain the essential purpose of the human body which can range the metabolism to growth. This system also works in line with the nervous system in regulating the interior functions and keep up homeostasis and also long term behaviour. There are many hormones in the human body that can affect attitude and behaviour. A very common behaviour throughout the human life, which is affected greatly by hormones, is the sexual behaviour. There are a range of hormones which are created from the gonads and placenta which affect this behaviour. These can be set into two different categories for both male and female, male hormones is known as androgens, which has testosterone which allows the progression of the male reproductive area and the preservation, also provides secondary characteristics and behaviour. The female hormones is known as Estrogens, such as estradiol, which functions in the improvement plus preservation of the woman’s reproductive area, which allows the growth of the other sex characteristics , also the changes in behaviour and in the reproduction of the mammary glands. However both male and females, produce both types of hormones and both have important effects, but males produce more androgens and females produce more estrogens. There has been lots of attention in the connection among behaviour and hormones and it shows that the normal difference in the quantity of hormones which is presented is related with the difference in behaviour. A case of this can be... ...he affects of the female hormones as a result of it been seen as controversial to do. Therefore we have to assume that hormones affect the behaviour of all humans even though research is done on the male hormones. Although there is still knowledge in the fact that when a woman goes through her menstrual cycle that it affects their behaviour and mood, there is still no clear research into which hormones affects this change. On the other hand, females do still contain a little of the testosterone hormone in their system so this could still affect the females behaviour even though they don’t have a high amount of testosterone, however this is still yet to be researched due to complications. Overall we can see that hormones can affects one’s behaviour and there is still research yet to be done into a greater extent to find which hormones can affect which behaviour.

Secret River

Shaira Sanchez 05/09/12 Shaira Sanchez 05/09/12 The Secret River by Kate Grenville Essay Explain the way that narrative devices have been employed by an author to construct a representation of people or places in at least one text that you have studied. You must make specific reference to â€Å"The Secret River. † One of Australia’s finest writers Kate Grenville wrote The Secret River which challenges traditional gender roles of women in the early nineteenth century London and Australia.The novel has challenged the female stereotype in a patriarchal society through the strong female character of Sal Thornhill. Sal has been the brains of her family through their tough times in London and their settlement in Sydney. Sal is the wife of William Thornhill, a convict. The memory of how the gentry treated Thornhill pushed him to work himself up into the foreign land of Australia to become like that gentleman he had served once back in London, in the water of Thames–the one with the power and the one who looked down on him who represents the working class.His determination to set off a space for himself in the foreign land eventually placed him and some of the settlers in direct opposition to the Aboriginal people by their desire to finally have control on their own lives. The use of a wide range of narrative devices in The Secret River has vividly taken the readers back to the nineteenth century where power and wealth determines a man’s position in the society. Sal Thornhill has been constructed in The Secret River as a strong female character who challenges traditional gender roles in the early nineteenth century–mainly when women were biologically, socially and intellectually inferior.Although Sal was raised in a quite comfortable lifestyle, she still has managed to cope with the tragic events in her life as a mother and as a wife. We see through Thornhill’s limited omniscient point of view that Sal would have to â€Å"brig hten herself up† because they both knew that Sal would have to offer her service in the cold streets of London to support her family’s financial needs, while Thornhill was convicted for theft. Sal’s staggering sacrifices did not just end in London.Her character even became stronger when they settled in a place that nothing Thornhill had ever seen–where â€Å"trees were tortured formless things† that looked half dead and when Christmas was during the hot days of summer. Women in that time were normally perceived as housekeepers and child-bearers. However, Sal did not just take care of her family emotionally and physically, but financially as well â€Å"At the end of each week Sal would count up the takings, from Thornhill’s work on the water and from her own selling liquor, and hide them away in a box. † which is evident through the descriptive language used.As a migrant myself, I understood Sal’s attitude towards the new environ ment that she was in. It wasn’t a part of her plan, but she accepted the circumstances and lived with it half-heartedly. Although her heart was always reminding her of ‘Home’, her mind and body still endured the harsh conditions, all for her family. It wasn’t the usual approach of women back in the nineteenth century to stand up for her family instead of the husband. However, Sal’s character was constructed to challenge the representation of women during that time by being the provider and the child-bearer all at once.Sal, her family, and the other settlers encountered the ‘otherness’ once they arrived in Sydney–which had two different representations as a race in The Secret River. Australia was not an empty land when the Thornhills and the white settlers arrived. They were not expecting people living in that type of place for thousands of years. These people were as strange as the place through the settlers’ perception. T here was one who hung about the Thornhills’ hut and entertained them, dressed only with a faded-pink bonnet on his head in trade for food and a sip of rum.They called him Scabby Bill who represents the ‘visible’ natives. His drunkenness and his appearance symbolises the detrimental impact of colonialism to the Aboriginals. The other sort of native were the ‘invisible’ ones who stayed away from the settlement. They were represented through Long Jack’s strong character. The settlers did not initially affect them, but they saw them as â€Å"snakes or the spiders, not something that could be guarded against† which symbolises as a threat to their dreams. The blacks, on the other hand had a different view of what the settlers referred to as ‘stealing’.Their belief is that nobody owns the land, not them, not the settlers. This clash of beliefs has lead to the novel’s climax, the massacre, where the ‘invisible’ became ‘visible’. The way Thornhill addresses the natives and were given English names symbolises Thornhill’s attitude being Eurocentric. Thornhill did not want to be engaged to the natives, but he himself implanted the European traditions on them. The settlers did not have the same beliefs towards the blacks, just like the natives were to them which also lead to two different representations–one that respects the ‘otherness’ and one that doesn’t.A huge contrast in the characters was made in the novel between Blackwood and Smasher. Blackwood was described as a huge deep and silent man who had â€Å"a rough dignity about him†. He believed in the concept of â€Å"give a little, take a little† in terms of dealing with the blacks. While Smasher’s appearance was constructed as â€Å"a naked-looking face without eyebrows† and always craves for attention that is evident through his dialogue that he had â€Å"not se en the event (rage) personally† but spreads the story anyway. He believed in the concept of ‘whips and biters’. There was no single respect that was given to the blacks from Smasher.Of all the characters, Blackwood has the greatest knowledge and appreciation of the Aboriginals and even lived with an Aboriginal woman and had a child. Smasher did live with one as well, but he referred to her as his â€Å"black bitch. † Although the settlers had the same hopes of finding a better life in Australia, they still ended up on two different paths due to the contrast on their attitude towards the Aboriginals. William Thornhill’s character was not constructed consistently in The Secret River as his attitudes and values towards Australia and the Aboriginals changed throughout the novel.Through Thornhill’s limited omniscient point of view, we sympathise with him by the way the gentry treated him as a waterman in the lower class. He had worked hard but his efforts were not appreciated, thus, pushed him to steal that lead him in his deportation to Australia. Thornhill and the majority of the convicts found a hope for a better life in Australia. It was what they have always longed for–to own a land, to finally have something they can call their own. Thornhill’s change n values was revealed through his dialogue, â€Å"Forgetting your manners are you, Dan Oldfield† he said to an old friend who he chose as one his servants. He became hungry for power and authority when he had a taste on what it was like to be on top of the others: on top of his fellow settlers, on top of the Aboriginals.Thornhill has spoken to the Aboriginals the way the gentry did to him â€Å"Old Boy, he started. He fancied the sound of that. † Thornhill and some of settlers saw the blacks as a hindrance to their one last chance to achieve their ultimate dream, like when Sagitty suggested to â€Å"get them before they get us. He has been succ essful in this goal but behind the high walls of his ‘villa’, was an unfulfilled William Thornhill after losing his friends and ultimately, his son Dick, who sympathise to the indigenous way of life. He became like the gentry, but not quite. He possessed the land, the house, the servants, but not the respect. The scars of his past were embedded on his name–William Thornhill, who was once a waterman, illiterate and an ex-convict. The Secret River has diverse representations of gender, class and race that have been successfully constructed in each character through the use of narrative devices.Sal represents those women who stood up for their family, in spite of the tagged inferiorities built by the society through the years especially in the nineteenth century and the earlier times. Scabby Bill and Long Jack represent the two different approach of their race on colonisation of the Europeans. Their values differ, just as the settlers’ views had towards them. Blackwood amongst all the others respects the Aboriginals, while Smasher had no heart for these people and treated them like animals.William Thornhill as the novel’s protagonist did not have a certain representation. His whole character was constructed based on his life back in London that resulted in a change of values as he found himself flourishing in his new ‘Home’. This novel lets the readers engage themselves in each of the representations effectively through Thornhill’s limited omniscient point of view. We tend to judge the differences in gender, in every class and in every race through what the society has already built on people as time goes by.However, Kate Grenville gave us a wider view of how each of these people ended up the way they were before, and the way they are in present time. As a migrant myself, I can compare myself with Sal, above all the characters. Migration wasn’t a part of our plan, but if that leads us to a better life, why not endure the circumstances? At the end of the day, every sacrifice and effort will be worth it. However, I believe that I will never end up the way Thornhill had– a wealthy man with a ‘villa’, without a peace of mind.

Historical Fiction Book Report of The Hope by Herman Wouk

Historical Fiction Book Report: The Hope by: Herman Wouk The book The Hope is the story of Zev Barak, Benny Luria, Sam Pasternak, Kishote, four of Israel’s army officers during the major battles and struggles of Israel from 1948 until 1967. The War of Independence, The Six Day War, and the 1956 Sinai Campaigns were all major events that had major effects on Israel. The book starts out with the war of independence in the town of Latrun with the Haganah 7th brigade. The battle of Latrun was a battle that took place in beginning phases of the war. This battle was a failure to the Haganah 7th brigade, which was newer formed unit. The main road between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem which was commanded by the Latrun fortress. Arab forces were trying to take over the fortress and deny jews from entering into Jerusalem. This particular battle and the events depicted around and about the battle in the book are events and occurrences of actual history but it is a simplified version of the events, of course. But the things that are not actual or real things in history are the characters. Sam Pasternak is the fictional character used to illustrate the tasks of Colonel Chaim Herzog which was a Israeli army officer who became an army general, later a popular historian of the military, and then took on Israel’s envoy to the UN, he even took on two terms a s President of Israel. The story of â€Å"Burma Road† in the book, like the battle of Latrun, is simplified. All though, in the