Who Invented the Telescope

Of all the inventions used in astronomy, the telescope is the most important instrument for astronomers. Whether they use it atop a mountain in a huge observatory, or in orbit, or from a backyard observing spot, skygazers are benefitting from a great idea. So, who invented this incredible cosmic time machine? It seems like a simple idea: put lenses together to gather up light or magnify dim and distant objects. It turns out telescopes date back to the late 16th or early 17th century, and the idea floated around for a while before telescopes came into widespread use. Did Galileo Invent the Telescope? A lot of people think Galileo came up with the telescope. Its well known that he built his own, and paintings often show him looking through the sky at his own instrument. He also wrote extensively about astronomy and observations. But, it turns out he was not the telescopes inventor. He was more of an early adopter. Yet, that very usage of it prompted people to assume he invented it. Its far more likely he heard of it and thats what started him building his own. For one thing, theres a lot of evidence that spyglasses were in use by sailors, which had to come from somewhere else. By 1609, he was ready for the next step: pointing one at the sky. Thats the year he began using telescopes to observe the heavens, becoming the first astronomer to do so. His first construction magnified the view by a power of three. He quickly improved the design and ultimately achieved a 20-power magnification. With this new tool, he found mountains and craters on the moon, discovered that the Milky Way was composed of stars, and discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter. What Galileo found made him a household name. But, it also got him in a lot of hot water with the church.  For one thing, he found the moons of Jupiter. From that discovery, he deduced the planets might move around the Sun the same way those moons did around the giant planet. He also looked at Saturn and discovered its rings. His observations were welcome, but his conclusions were not. They seemed to completely contradict the rigid position held by the Church that Earth (and humans) were the center of the universe. If these other worlds were worlds in their own right, with their own moons, then their existence and motions called the Churchs teachings into question. That couldnt be allowed, so the Church punished him for his thoughts and writings. That didnt stop Galileo. He continued to observe most of his life, constructing ever-better telescopes with which to see the stars and planets.   So, its easy to see why the myth lingers that he invented the telescope, some political and some historical. However,  the real credit belongs to someone else. Who? Believe it or not, astronomy historians arent sure. Whoever did it was the first person to put lenses together in a tube to gaze at distant objects. That started a revolution in astronomy.   Just because theres not a good and clear chain of evidence pointing to the actual inventor doesnt keep people from speculating about who it was. There are some people who are credited with it, but theres no proof that any one of them was the first. However, there are some clues about the persons identity, so its worth taking a look at the candidates in this optical mystery. Was Itthe English Inventor? Many people think  that the 16th-century inventor Leonard Digges created both the reflecting and refracting telescopes. He was a well-known mathematician and surveyor as well as a great popularizer of science. His son, the famous English astronomer, Thomas Digges, posthumously published one of his fathers manuscripts, Pantometria and wrote of the telescopes used by his father. However, those arent proof that he actually did the inventing. If he did, then some political problems may have prevented Leonard from capitalizing on his invention and getting the credit for having thought of it in the first place.  If he wasnt the father of the telescope, then the mystery deepens. Or, Was Itthe Dutch Optician? In 1608, Dutch eyeglass maker, Hans Lippershey offered a new device to the government for military use. It used two glass lenses in a tube to magnify distant objects. He certainly seems to be a leading candidate for inventor of the telescope. However, Lippershey might not have been the first to think of the idea. At  least two other Dutch opticians were also working on the same concept at the time. Still, Lippershey has been credited with the telescopes invention because he, at least, applied for the patent for it first.  And, there the mystery remains, and will likely stay that way unless and until some new proof shows up that someone else put the first lenses into a tube and created the telescope. Revised and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Promote Professional Development Essays - 2745 Words

Promote professional development CU2942 1. Explain the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice Within my role, it is important to continually improve knowledge and practice so I am aware of how to give the best diverse and equal care to children, stay fully up to date with all standards and legislations. Regarding parents, they are the customer and this entails all care towards their child may need to be explained to them. E.g. what is the Early Years Foundation Stage? Parent evenings help me to improve knowledge of the child’s home life and personal care needs, as well as building bonds with parents so they feel they can further their trust in myself and my team. I also update the children’s learning†¦show more content†¦There are also other factors to consider such as time restrictions, access to resources, financial constrictions and staff ratio levels. For example; resource restrictions may develop if the office is unavailable. Another example of time restrictions can arise if staff are absent and so children’s observations are jeopardised- this then results in daily records not been kept up to date. 1. . How do you evaluate own knowledge and performance against standards and benchmarks? My performance is regulated by my Proprietor, Ofsted, Policies and procedures of the setting, and also legislation. I am evaluated in two ways; by myself through reflective practice and by others through inspections, appraisals and quality assurance methods. Ofsted give clear guidelines on how the setting should run on a daily basis. This is evaluated by ongoing paperwork and meeting targets. Policies and procedures put into place guidelines on all care standards and regulations that all staff should adhere too. This is evaluated through appraisals and reflective practice. For example: When starting in the setting, I observed a staff member ‘doing for’ the children, rather than encouraging them. This was regarding the children’s independence and found that rather than staff giving out the children’s cutlery and cups during lunch- the children help each other to hand it out. I enforced this by having an informal chat with my Manager after careful observation. DuringShow MoreRelatedPromote Professional Development1216 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Yvonne Hemmings Leadership and Management Level 5 Assessment Task: Promote Professional development As a manager in your setting you know that the ability to reflect on your own practice is an essential skill. You have decided to prepare a set of guidance notes on the principles of professional development for your staff team which; 1 – Understand principles of professional development 1.1 Explains the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice. In my opinion I believe it is importantRead MorePromote Professional Development1379 Words   |  6 PagesPromote Professional Development I think it is important to continually improve knowledge and practice as things change very quickly within organisations, there are always new things to be learnt on everything that we do, sometimes the changes are made for the better to make peoples jobs easier, other times changes are made to keep up with new technology, policies or new information that has come to light recently. Having up to date knowledge is important for you as an individual but also forRead MorePromote Professional Development2561 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿CU2942 Promote Professional Development 1 understand principles of professional development 1.1 The importance of continually improving knowledge and practice is that you can ensure that you are aware of any new relevant legislation and you can also improve the service you provide. It also gives you the opportunity to reflect on what you are good at as well as what you are not so good at, so that you can see what areas you can improve in. Professional development is an opportunity to reflectRead MoreEssay on Promote Professional Development1154 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 2 Promote professional development The importance of professional knowledge and practice with in the role of a social care worker is so that they can be kept up to date with all the changes. Within the health care profession all staff must be proactive and focused in their roles, with an ever changing of legislation and minimum standards, it is important that training and the ways of working are kept up to date. Each person within the team should been given an opportunity to develop furtherRead MoreEssay on Promote Professional Development1349 Words   |  6 PagesIt is important to continually strive to improve our knowledge and the way we practice, this can be applied to personal or professional goals. Developing our potential, will enhance our work role and promote our talents. It enhances our lives and contributes to achieving our dreams and aspirations Continued professional development is important, and it’s not just about attending training courses. It about promoting a culture for learning, with work based learning at the centre of this. In orderRead MorePromote Professional Development Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesPromote Professional Development 4.1 Compare models of reflective practice Reflective practice is an essential means of developing basic skills and knowledge into expert skills and knowledge. Repetition of a particular skill enables a worker to become more competent in [performance, and eliminates poor practice. Workers can assist their team mates to improve their performance. Reflective practice helps workers think about how they could change their way of working – or should change theirRead MoreUnit 502 – Promote Professional Development1079 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Unit 502 – Promote Professional Development Learning Outcome 1. Understand the principles of professional development 1.1 Explain the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice It is important for me to continually improve my knowledge and follow best practice. I need to ensure that I am aware of and follow current RQIA Minimum Standards, Supporting People QAF and NISCC standards. By doing this I am following current legislation and guidelines for continued good practiceRead MorePursuing An Atmosphere That Promotes Professional Development987 Words   |  4 Pagescuts, downsizing and the overall decline in the economy. This in turn has required employers to devise new training practices; to become innovative with learning strategies and methodologies. The challenge to provide an atmosphere that promotes professional development has led to new formats for sharing knowledge and training. Learning takes place constantly, whether we realize it or not. We learn by listening, observing and teaching. We also learn through formal and informal formats. Both of theseRead MorePromote Professional Development Essay example2176 Words   |  9 PagesLHS2 – Promote professional development Outcome 1 – Understand principles of professional development 1.1 The important of continually improving knowledge and practice is that you can ensure that you are aware of any new relevant legislation and also you can improve the service that you provide. It also gives you the opportunity to reflect on what you are good at as well as what you are not so good at, so that you can see what areas you can improve in. Professional development is an opportunityRead MoreUnit 2 Promote professional development3611 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Unit 2 Promote professional development 1.1 Explain the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice It is essential, in order to provide a good quality of service and ensure best practise, that managers and their staff receive the relevant regular mandatory training and updates. This training should be identified at the annual appraisal and then reviewed at supervision where positive/negative feedback can be given as appropriate to show how any training received is incorporated

System for Track Record Health Issues Of Headspace †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the System for Track Record Health Issues Of Headspace. Answer: Introduction This report is based on an organization called Headspace that deals with the youth of the age around 12 to 25 who are suffering from mental health issues. This report discusses about a system that this organization is planning to build in order to keep a track record of the health issues of each patient. It focuses on the problem for developing this system. It also talks about the capabilities and benefits of the building this My Health Record system. Problem The problem that is seen in this case study is major. There is an organization named Headspace. It is located in New South Wales. This organization works for the youth. It takes care of the youth who are around 12 to 25 years of age and are facing serious mental issues. Most of the youth are facing the problem of anxiety and depression. New South Wales is facing an alarming increase in the number of suicides of the youth, mostly in the age group in-between 16 to 24. The organization has observed that when a patient comes to the organization due to some mental health problems then they have to talk with several professionals to detect their problem. They face a lot of problem in talking to so many professionals (Kuperman, Gardner Pryor, 2013). It has been seen that initially they open up and speak out their heart at the first time. But as the time passes by, they start speaking very less. For example, they might speak to the case worker initially, then come the turn of medical staff of the emergency ward, like a psychologist or psychiatrist, general practitioner and many more. There can be cases where the patient has spoken out their heart to the general practitioner but it was really of no use because that was the case for a psychiatrist. But when the psychiatrist had come to speak at that time the patient did not say much. This caused problem in solving the issue of the patient (Haux et al., 2013). If the patient does not speak out their heart then this can lead to severe issues. The doctors need to figure out the real problem in order to track and solve the matter. So here it can be seen that the story of the patient is lost. The organization needs a well developed system for recording the story of these patients at the first time of their narration. Capabilities The organization called Headspace that is located in New South Wales is planning to build and develop a system for keeping the record of the patients. The name of the system is My Health Record. This system is an information system that is capable of storing, collecting and organizing the information. It is an integrated form of system (Boulware et al., 2016). This system records the story of the patient when it is told for the first time. It stores the file in a video format. This system is enabled with the facilities of providing sub titles also. If a professional is unable to understand what the patient is speaking then he or she can opt for the sub title option and read it to get a clear idea of the problem (Abdelhak, Grostick, Hanken, 2014). After storing the file, it can be sent to all the professionals for taking a decision as to who will be able to solve the issue. This system will facilitate the professionals to solve the problem properly Benefits There are several benefits of building and deploying this system. The organization will be able to overcome the main problem which it was facing. `My Heath Record system stores the story of the patient when it is narrated for the very first time (Lee, Ramayah Zakaria, 2012). It will save time and energy of the patient as well as the professionals. Previously it was a time consuming process where the patient had to repeat the same story again and again. Later on they even stopped telling their problems in details. This led to severe issues regarding detecting and solving the problems. This system will simplify the process of storing and detecting the problem of each patient (Bajdor Grabara, 2014). `My Health Record is an integrated information system that will also help the organization to save cost. Conclusion This report concludes that an integrated IT system called My Health Record is extremely essential for the Headspace organization. This helps to resolve the problem of lost record of all the patients. This system is cost effective and also time saving. It helps the organization to resolve the mental health issues of the patients in a correct way. References Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S., Hanken, M. A. (2014).Health Information-E-Book: Management of a Strategic Resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bajdor, P., Grabara, I. (2014). The Role of Information System Flows in Fulfilling Customers Individual Orders.Journal of Studies in Social Sciences,7(2). Boulware, L. E., Cooper, L. A., Ratner, L. E., LaVeist, T. A., Powe, N. R. (2016). Race and trust in the health care system.Public health reports. Haux, R., Winter, A., Ammenwerth, E., Brigl, B. (2013).Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media. Kuperman, G. J., Gardner, R. M., Pryor, T. A. (2013).HELP: a dynamic hospital information system. Springer Science Business Media. Lee, H. W., Ramayah, T., Zakaria, N. (2012). External factors in hospital information system (HIS) adoption model: a case on Malaysia.Journal of medical systems,36(4), 2129-2140.

Macbeth - Supernatural Theme Essays - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth - Supernatural Theme The presence of supernatural forces in William Shakespeares, Macbeth, provides for much of the plays dramatic tension and the mounting suspense. Several supernatural apparitions throughout the play profoundly affect Macbeth and the evil forces eventually claim Macbeth and destroy his morals. Macbeths ambition was driven by the prophecies of the three witches and unlike Banquo, he was willing to do anything to assure that they actually transpire. Macbeth is horrified at the notion of killing Duncan, his King and kinsman, but he eventually succumbs to the evil forces and this leads to his downfall. Macbeth further compromises his honor by arranging the murder of his best friend, Banquo. Banquos places Macbeth in a precarious situation; he is deeply entrenched in suspicion and there is no way out. Macbeths vision of Banquos ghost at a royal banquet only drives him closer to insanity. Macbeth has changed dramatically as a character throughout the play. Macbeth was tortured with remorse after Duncans murder but upon hearing of Banquos successful assassination he is elated. His vaulting ambition was driving him to extreme measures and he could do nothing to abate it. Macbeth had risked his life to attain the throne and he had no choice but to employ Machiavellian practices to retain it. The appearance of Banquos ghost at the royal banquet horrifies Macbeth. Shakespeare brilliantly uses irony to make Banquos emergence very dramatic: Macbeth: Fail not our feast. Banquo: My lord, I will not. (III, i, ll 28-29) Banquos appearance provides insight into the character of Macbeth. It shows the level that Macbeths mind has recessed to. His morality is declining and although he is battling his conscience, the evil forces have overcome his every thought and action. Banquos ghost only appears to Macbeth and it represents his extreme guilt. Although he may have lost his honor he still is having trouble enjoying the crown when he attained it by such vile circumstances. I have a strange infirmity, which is nothing/ To those that know me (III, iv, ll 86-87). Macbeth may be subconsciously referring to his conscience that has plagued him since the first appearance of the three weird sisters. Banquos ghost appears during the banquet because it provides for an extremely suspenseful scene. Macbeth is pitted in an internal conflict and is so tormented by guilt that he could confess to his actions at any time. The tension only rises as Macbeth suffers a breakdown and crumbles in front of many distinguished guests, only heightening any prior suspicions they may have had. If Banquo didnt appear during the scene, Macbeth would only remain content that his friend had been murdered knowing that the task of keeping Banquos children off the throne had grown much easier. Banquos appearance helps to portray Macbeth as a character because it shows that although he has lost most of his decency, he still is embattled and deeply affected by the appearance of his deceased friend. Banquos surfacing is only an example of an important theme in Macbeth, the supernatural. Macbeth is a powerful but flawed character and the presence of these evil forces tempt him and plant the seed that leads to his own destruction. Despite being a formidable warrior, Macbeth is not presented at first as someone with a natural disposition to commit murder. Macbeth is at first wary of the prophetic messages from the three witches but upon hearing that he will be given the title of Thane of Cawdor, he is convinced that the throne is in his future. The witches are able to pollute Macbeths thoughts because his morals were not strong enough to withstand the temptation. Lady Macbeth is also a vital character in that she is able to persuade Macbeth to commit such despicable crimes. To beguile the time,/ Look like the time; bear welcome in your eye,/ Your hand, your tongue: look the innocent flower,/ But be the serpent undert (I, v, ll 61-64). The supernatural forces in the play are much stronger than the individual characters. The witches may be evil but their prophecies convey truth. The evil forces that eventually claim him corrupt Macbeth. The witches may an example of the evil forces at work in the play, but Macbeth is the perpetrator.

Punished by Rewards free essay sample

The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A’s, Praise, and Other Bribes (1993), contends that rewards and punishments are â€Å"two sides of the same coin† (p. 50). Although rewards are certainly more pleasurable, they are â€Å"every bit as controlling as punishments, even if they control by seduction† (p. 51). According to Kohn, if we want youngsters to become self-regulating, responsible, caring individuals, we must abandon attempts at external control and provide students with opportunities to develop competence, connection, and autonomy in caring classroom communities One of the most important parts of being an effective teacher is motivation of the children you are teaching. When I was learning have to be an effective teacher in my methods classes, many of the techniques that I was taught included extrinsic motivation. When I began my student teaching I watched techniques my cooperating teacher used to motivation and noticed she did not use any of the techniques I had learned in my classes. We will write a custom essay sample on Punished by Rewards or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I found myself confused about how I would handle the matter of motivation when it came time for me to take control of the class on my own. I used candy and a treasure chest for rewards, but found that I only received motivation for a short time in return for these rewards. I knew that I would have to do more research and construct a new plan to motivate my student’s long term. I did some research and found that, extrinsic motivation refers to an individual’s involvement in an activity because an incentive or reward external to the activity has been offered. An extrinsically motivated child will choose to read a book or complete homework because they will get stickers when they have finished or not be allowed to watch TV if they do not finish. Another frequently used tactic to motivate children is threating to call the parent or some other authority figure if they do not get their work done. Another form of motivation is intrinsic motivation, this involves knowing that a person does what they do, not because someone else wants them to do it, or because I believe someone will respect or like me for doing it. What they do satisfies them regardless of what others may think. This true form of motivation reflects the genuine inclinations and feelings of the child, not the values or expectations of teachers or parents (Dr. Gabor Mate, 1999). Although the motivation literatures point out that intrinsic motivation is critical to student learning, the U. S. education system is organized and ran in a way that supports and promotes extrinsic motivation. Many parents and teachers believe that the external rewards such as money for good grades and bribes are the best way to motivate children. These well-intentioned, quick fix approaches to motivate send the message that there should be a tangible reward for doing schoolwork or behaving correctly. These techniques may work short-term, but long-term they will weaken the development of intrinsic motivation. Internal and external motivation does not necessarily reinforce one another. Extrinsic rewards can interfere with intrinsic motivation by turning an intrinsically attractive activity, such as reading for pleasure, into a means to an external goal, such as getting a pizza (Deci, 1995). Researchers studying motivation (Deci 1990; Ryan 1985; Nicholls 1983) generally agree on three points. First, motivation is an inherent natural capacity to learn that need to be elicited from within an individual rather than established form outside an individual. Second, teachers and parents must become aware that the long-term earning is to promote the development of motivation that arises for the child’s own nature and inclinations. Third, children must be intrinsically motivated to become self-regulated, independent, lifelong learners. One hypothesis that tested internal and external modification is the overjustofocation effect. The overjustification effect states that how individuals will feel toward performing certain tasks is determined by whether they are intrinsically or extrinsically motivated to perform the task (Deci, 1971). Using the self-perception theory’s prediction that when extrinsic motivations are present they will take precedent over intrinsic motivations, the overjustification effect reveals the importance of motivation on performance (Lepper, Greene, amp; Nisbett). In 1971, Deci suggested that in a situation where an individual was to receive a reward for an activity, and knew about the reward prior to participating in said activity, then the individual would attribute his or her behavior to the reward instead of the activity itself. Deci’s theory led to the hypothesis that once an activity is associated with the external reward; a person will be less inclined to participate in the activity in the future without a reward present. Two years after Deci’s study, a group of researchers again tested the overjustification hypothesis in a field experiment. Lepper, Greene, and Nisbett (1973) went to a nursery school and observed children’s intrinsic interest in various activities to confirm Deci’s theory. The children were then put into one of three conditions for the experiment. In the first condition, known as the â€Å"expected-award condition,† children were told they would receive a reward (a certificate with a seal and a ribbon) for partaking in the activity that they were previously doing out of pure intrinsic interest. †¢ In the second condition, the â€Å"unexpected-award condition,† the children were not told of the reward until after they finished the activity. †¢ In the third condition, also called the â€Å"no-reward condition,† the researchers did not tell or give the children any reward. This group thus served as the control group, since extrinsic rewards were not involved either before or after performance. The extrinsic reward phase ended with the researchers giving the children the certificates based on their condition group. In the following phase, the researchers let the children go about their activities, but this time without offering or giving any rewards. In accordance with the overjustification hypothesis, the children in the â€Å"expected-reward condition† had become less interested in their activities since the introduction of the extrinsic motivation. However, there was no change in the interest of the group who received the reward unexpectedly. This is because the children in this condition did not know about the reward until after the activity, and therefore attributed their behavior to an enjoyment of the activity. Similarly, those who did not expect or receive a reward had no extrinsic motivation, and showed no decline in interest as a result. Based off of the research I did and examples I found, I plan to base the motivation I provide to my students on intrinsic techniques and rewards. I will do everything I can to help to develop the children’s intrinsic motivation, so they can gain the tools needed to motivate themselves internally. This will be a skill, once mastered that will continue to benefit them and assist them to become successful in all aspects of their lives.

D-Day Essays - Operation Overlord, France, Operation Neptune

D-Day Essays - Operation Overlord, France, Operation Neptune D-Day D-Day is the most well-known, gruesome day in the history of WWII. Out of the five landings, the landing on Omaha Beach was, by far, the worst for the U.S. and The Allies. Paratroopers who had landed the night before came up behind the Germans and aided the U.S. and The Allies. Eventually they pushed through and invaded Hitler?s Europe. Even though D-Day was considered a massacre, the invasion aided the US?s ultimate victory. D-Day happened on June 6, 1944. It was one of the darkest days in the history of World War II, not only for the U.S., but also the Allies. D-Day was the invasion of Hitler controlled Europe, and the beginning of the fall of an empire. It consisted of airborne attacks and assaults on five beaches given the code names, Utah, Gold, Juno, Sword and Omaha. With 35,000 troops and 4,404 bombs weighing tow hundred and fifty pounds each, D-Day was called the worlds largest, greatest planned amphibious attack ever. As for the assaults on the beaches, four of the five went pretty well. The Germans did not put up much of a fight and the troops penetrated Europe quite easily. However, down the coastline, a vicious battle was happening and history was being made. The Germans were putting up much more of a fight and the opposing troops were fighting just to stay alive. But with land mines and heavy fire from German machine guns this was not an easy task. Right when the ramp was lowered on the U.S. boats, troops were shot like dogs. Some jumped over the side looking to swim to shore, but the weight of their gear pulled them to the bottom and they drowned. Those who made it to the beach scrambled for any cover that they could find. (Being shelled and shot at they needed a miracle to save them.) That miracle was troops that came from behind. Even though they had the back-up, 41% of the men on Omaha beach were killed. The night before the assaults there were planes flying low and fast over Europe. They weren?t dropping bombs, they were dropping men. Paratroopers who were to provide back-up for the troops on the beaches were jumping out of the planes and preparing for the next day. Over 2,000 troopers were dropped over various parts of Europe. A paratrooper is basically a soldier who is dropped by parachute into enemy territory. A paratrooper was a walking arsenal. He had everything that he needed to survive. He carried two fragmentation grenades, one smoke grenade, one antitank mine and one antitank Gammon bomb made of plastic explosives. He also had a weapon, either a rifle, carbine, pistol or submachine gun with ammunition. Other gear included a knife, light, razor, spoon, maps, compass, first-aid kit, food, entrenching tool, main and reserve parachutes, gas mask, jump knife, helmet and spare clothing. All of this gear totals up to weighing about 100 pounds, and he jumped with it all on him. Had it not been for these men, the U.S. and Allies probably would have never pushed through at Omaha beach. The troops came up behind the Germans and surprised them, which was a big help to them. By adding to their fighting force the U.S. and the Allies would push through at Omaha into Hitler?s Europe. With the beaches cleared and the men on land the U.S. and the Allies finally had a foothold to win the war and bring Hitler from power. Getting inland was a great victory for the U.S. and the Allies, and the beginning of Hitler?s road to defeat. After many more months of fighting the U.S. and its Allies would have ultimate victory. Hitler committed suicide, and his rein of terror was over. All concentration camps were evacuated and all seized land was returned. Yet if the U.S. and Allies hadn?t pushed through, this process would have been extremely delayed, who knows it may have never happened. D-Day is probably the most well known day in the history of World War II and still burns in the minds of the men who fought on that day. It is a day that should always be remembered. Think about what might have

Analysis of the Marketing Strategy of Apple Inc Dissertation

Analysis of the Marketing Strategy of Apple Inc - Dissertation Example The death of Jobs in 2011 has left Apple’s stakeholders, its many avid followers, and the business community in a state of uncertainty about the company’s future and its ability to sustain continuous innovation as it had under Jobs. The dissertation aimed to examine the marketing strategy and related systems that are responsible for the success of Apple, Inc. since 1997. The objectives included an assessment of the fundamental changes in Apple under Steve Jobs, the marketing systems and corporate strategy supporting its most successful products, the analysis of Apple’s competitive strategy compared with that of Microsoft, its longest running and most important competitor, and an analysis of the likely prospects of the firm moving forward. A review of academic literature was undertaken on market strategy and the related topics of strategic management and planning competitive strategy, innovation management and change management. Its purpose was to explore theoretical frameworks which may support an analysis of Apple’s case relating to these topics and market strategy in particular. The theories aided in the assessment of the secondary data gathered from reports and online sources dealing with Apple’s market performance in the period 1997 to 2011, with particular attention given to the market success of the iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad in the period 2005 to 2011. Attention was focused on corporate strategy, specifically the Digital Lifestyle vision of Jobs which gave rise to the Digital Hub strategy in its innovation management. ... Steve Jobs provided the foresight, the inspiration and the motive force behind Apple’s recent successes, and there is every indication that given the leadership style of the new CEO Tim Cook that balances corporate and innovative strategies, Apple will continue to be successful into the future. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 1.1 Background of Study 6 1.2 Steve Jobs & the Apple Story 7 1.3 Marketing & Strategy at Apple 8 1.4 Industry Dynamics 9 1.5 Research Aim 9 1.6 Motivation for this Research 10 1.7 Scope and Delimitation 10 Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature 11 2.1 Overview 11 2.2 Strategic Management 11 2.4.1 SWOT 13 2.4.2 PESTEL 14 2.3 Marketing Strategy 14 2.4 Competitive Strategy 18 2.5 Change Management 20 2.6 Innovation Management 23 2.7 Synthesis 26 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 28 3.1 Overview 28 3.2 Research Approach 28 3.3 Data Collection & Analysis 29 3.4 Research Validity and Reliability. 30 3.5 Limitations of the research methodol ogy 31 Chapter 4: Results and Analysis of Results 32 4.1 Overview 32 4.2 Fundamental changes undertaken by Steve Jobs, 1997-2005 32 4.3 Marketing systems and corporate strategy, 2005 to present 35 4.4 Discussion of Marketing strategy, Innovation management, and Change management 38 4.5 Competitor analysis of Apple vs. Microsoft 41 4.6 Future implications of the existing strategy of Apple 46 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 50 5.1 Overview 50 5.2 Summary of findings 50 5.3 Conclusion 52 5.4 Recommendations 53 5.5 Directions for future research 54 Bibliography 56 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background of Study The year 2009 was marked by of one of America and the world's worst financial crises, which became known as the Credit Crunch or the Global Financial